I’ve had a lot of bad managers in my time: cold, aggressive, and incompetent. But I’d like to tell you about my last boss. She was a very __7__ sort of person—shenever seemed uptight or nervous, and she always had time and a smile for everybody. She managed to create a pleasant, __8__ atmosphere in the workplace—we all began to see each other socially. She encouraged us all to be independent in our work—she didn’t keep telling us what to do—we were free to work on our own. __9__ , we were cooperative with each other: we worked well as a team and with her. She was not only experienced, efficient, and creative, __10__ she communicated openly and created a great team spirit.
I’ve had a lot of bad managers in my time: cold, aggressive, and incompetent. But I’d like to tell you about my last boss. She was a very __7__ sort of person—shenever seemed uptight or nervous, and she always had time and a smile for everybody. She managed to create a pleasant, __8__ atmosphere in the workplace—we all began to see each other socially. She encouraged us all to be independent in our work—she didn’t keep telling us what to do—we were free to work on our own. __9__ , we were cooperative with each other: we worked well as a team and with her. She was not only experienced, efficient, and creative, __10__ she communicated openly and created a great team spirit.
I’ve had a lot of bad managers in my time: cold, aggressive, and incompetent. But I’d like to tell you about my last boss. She was a very __7__ sort of person—shenever seemed uptight or nervous, and she always had time and a smile for everybody. She managed to create a pleasant, __8__ atmosphere in the workplace—we all began to see each other socially. She encouraged us all to be independent in our work—she didn’t keep telling us what to do—we were free to work on our own. __9__ , we were cooperative with each other: we worked well as a team and with her. She was not only experienced, efficient, and creative, __10__ she communicated openly and created a great team spirit.
I’ve had a lot of bad managers in my time: cold, aggressive, and incompetent. But I’d like to tell you about my last boss. She was a very __7__ sort of person—shenever seemed uptight or nervous, and she always had time and a smile for everybody. She managed to create a pleasant, __8__ atmosphere in the workplace—we all began to see each other socially. She encouraged us all to be independent in our work—she didn’t keep telling us what to do—we were free to work on our own. __9__ , we were cooperative with each other: we worked well as a team and with her. She was not only experienced, efficient, and creative, __10__ she communicated openly and created a great team spirit.
Having a seven-day week seemed strange to sociologists since there was no corresponding geophysical event as there was with the solar day or the lunar month. They tended to attribute it to our cultures and not to biology. However, other organisms also have a seven-day cycle, and a week is, after all, a quarter of a lunar circle. At the end of the French Revolution, the revolutionary government wanted to establish a ten-day week, but the attempt failed to work. In the former Soviet Union, the rulers also experimented with modifying the week by trying five-day and six-day weeks. Again, people rejected to change the length of their week. They seemed to need to have one day out of seven in order to rest their body clocks. Weekly rhythms show up most strongly during times of stress. For the body to fight off a cold, it needs about a week. The symptoms of chicken pox show up about two weeks after the patient’s being exposed to disease. Health care workers expect to see patients with pneumonia and malaria at greatest risk after one week of fighting these diseases. By these evidences, sociologists have had reasons to reconsider their previous ideas about the origin of the seven-day week.
According to the passage, what is the main reason behind the seven-day week for the sociologists?
With spacecraft that can carry tourists into orbit and connect Paris to New York in less than two hours, the new heroes of space travel are not astronauts but daring captains of industry. This new breed of space pioneers are all using private money to push the final frontier as government space programs fall away. Times have changed. Once the space race was led by the likes of the U.S. space agency NASA that put the first man on the moon in 1969.
Today it is entrepreneur Elon Musk — the founder of Tesla electric cars and space exploration company Space — who wants to reach Mars in the 2020s. The furthest advanced — and most highly publicized — private space project is led by Richard Branson, the British founder of the Virgin Group. His shuttle, SpaceShipTwo, will be launched at high altitude from a weird-looking four-engined mother ship — which can carry two pilots and up to six passengers — before embarking on a three-hour suborbital flight.
Branson and his sons will be the first passengers aboard the shuttle when it is expected to launch late 2014. His company Virgin Galactic was given the green light in May by the U.S. Federal Aviation Agency (FAA) to carry passengers from a base in New Mexico, which is named “Spaceport America” — the stuff of science fiction.
The US$250,000 price of a ticket has not deterred more than 600 people, including celebrities such as actor Leonardo Di Caprio, from booking their seats.
According to this passage, when is the first tourists-carrying shuttle scheduled to launch into space?
Neil Alden Armstrong, the first ______ to walk on the Moon, is remembered by many with his famous line, “That’s one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind.”
Once upon a time I would go out with my friends, staying away until late. We usually had a good time, __23__ care. We liked to make merry! Instead of working hard at my studies and helping my old parents, I would catch hold of every chance to have fun. Some of the things I did would make your hair __24__ . From time to time I would climb the outside of my student hall and shake hands with the statue that stood on top of the building. Then I would paint it __25__ in orange paint. My friends thought this was very funny. My teachers would warn me that I was doomed to failure if I did not work harder.
Once upon a time I would go out with my friends, staying away until late. We usually had a good time, __23__ care. We liked to make merry! Instead of working hard at my studies and helping my old parents, I would catch hold of every chance to have fun. Some of the things I did would make your hair __24__ . From time to time I would climb the outside of my student hall and shake hands with the statue that stood on top of the building. Then I would paint it __25__ in orange paint. My friends thought this was very funny. My teachers would warn me that I was doomed to failure if I did not work harder.
Once upon a time I would go out with my friends, staying away until late. We usually had a good time, __23__ care. We liked to make merry! Instead of working hard at my studies and helping my old parents, I would catch hold of every chance to have fun. Some of the things I did would make your hair __24__ . From time to time I would climb the outside of my student hall and shake hands with the statue that stood on top of the building. Then I would paint it __25__ in orange paint. My friends thought this was very funny. My teachers would warn me that I was doomed to failure if I did not work harder.
When we think of the people who make our life miserable by hacking into computers, or spreading malicious viruses, most of us imagine an unpopular teenage boy, brilliant but geeky, venting his frustrations from the safety of a suburban bedroom.
__26__, these stereotypes are just that—stereotypes—according to Sarah Gordon, an expert in computer viruses and security technology, and a Senior Research computers, or spreading malicious viruses, most of us imagine an unpopular teenage boy, Fellow with Symantec Security Response. Since 1992, Gordon has studied the__27__ of virus writers. “A hacker or a virus writer is just as likely to be the guy next door to you,” she says, “or the kid at the checkout line bagging your groceries. An average hacker is __28__someone dressed entirely in black and showing off a nose ring; she may very well be a 50-year-old female.”
The virus writer Gordon has come to know have __29__ backgrounds: while predominantly male, some are female. Some are solidly academic, while others are athletic. Many have friendships with members of the opposite sex, good relationships with their parents and families; most are popular with their peers. You wouldn’t pick them out of a lineup as being the perpetrator.
When we think of the people who make our life miserable by hacking into computers, or spreading malicious viruses, most of us imagine an unpopular teenage boy, brilliant but geeky, venting his frustrations from the safety of a suburban bedroom.
__26__, these stereotypes are just that—stereotypes—according to Sarah Gordon, an expert in computer viruses and security technology, and a Senior Research computers, or spreading malicious viruses, most of us imagine an unpopular teenage boy, Fellow with Symantec Security Response. Since 1992, Gordon has studied the__27__ of virus writers. “A hacker or a virus writer is just as likely to be the guy next door to you,” she says, “or the kid at the checkout line bagging your groceries. An average hacker is __28__someone dressed entirely in black and showing off a nose ring; she may very well be a 50-year-old female.”
The virus writer Gordon has come to know have __29__ backgrounds: while predominantly male, some are female. Some are solidly academic, while others are athletic. Many have friendships with members of the opposite sex, good relationships with their parents and families; most are popular with their peers. You wouldn’t pick them out of a lineup as being the perpetrator.
When we think of the people who make our life miserable by hacking into computers, or spreading malicious viruses, most of us imagine an unpopular teenage boy, brilliant but geeky, venting his frustrations from the safety of a suburban bedroom.
__26__, these stereotypes are just that—stereotypes—according to Sarah Gordon, an expert in computer viruses and security technology, and a Senior Research computers, or spreading malicious viruses, most of us imagine an unpopular teenage boy, Fellow with Symantec Security Response. Since 1992, Gordon has studied the__27__ of virus writers. “A hacker or a virus writer is just as likely to be the guy next door to you,” she says, “or the kid at the checkout line bagging your groceries. An average hacker is __28__someone dressed entirely in black and showing off a nose ring; she may very well be a 50-year-old female.”
The virus writer Gordon has come to know have __29__ backgrounds: while predominantly male, some are female. Some are solidly academic, while others are athletic. Many have friendships with members of the opposite sex, good relationships with their parents and families; most are popular with their peers. You wouldn’t pick them out of a lineup as being the perpetrator.
When we think of the people who make our life miserable by hacking into computers, or spreading malicious viruses, most of us imagine an unpopular teenage boy, brilliant but geeky, venting his frustrations from the safety of a suburban bedroom.
__26__, these stereotypes are just that—stereotypes—according to Sarah Gordon, an expert in computer viruses and security technology, and a Senior Research computers, or spreading malicious viruses, most of us imagine an unpopular teenage boy, Fellow with Symantec Security Response. Since 1992, Gordon has studied the__27__ of virus writers. “A hacker or a virus writer is just as likely to be the guy next door to you,” she says, “or the kid at the checkout line bagging your groceries. An average hacker is __28__someone dressed entirely in black and showing off a nose ring; she may very well be a 50-year-old female.”
The virus writer Gordon has come to know have __29__ backgrounds: while predominantly male, some are female. Some are solidly academic, while others are athletic. Many have friendships with members of the opposite sex, good relationships with their parents and families; most are popular with their peers. You wouldn’t pick them out of a lineup as being the perpetrator.
Who knew that shoplifting could be a perfect Kodak moment? A thief and his partner seemed pretty competent when they went into a New York department store and took $2,000 worth of digital cameras. An abandoned shopping trolley full of empty camera boxes was found by shop assistants.
Meanwhile, the shop’s surveillance tape appeared like it was going to be useless: the video showed the suspects, a man and a woman, but the captured images were far too grainy to accurately identify them. Then security officials noticed that, at one point, the tape showed the woman picking up a demonstration camera that was chained to a counter, and pointing it at her partner. No, she couldn’t have ... Yes, she did.
The shop’s manager called the photo center and asked about the camera. The guy operating the photo center said they were in luck: the camera had batteries and a disc. What’s more, it was hooked up to a printer. All they had to do was press the print button to see exactly what the picture on the disc looked like.
Out popped a clear color image of a balding man with a moustache, lookingstraight at the camera. The police couldn’t ask for a better mug shot.
Detective Sergeant Paul Dodorico said the couple “will be surprised. I’m sure they thought that there was nothing in the camera.”
No sooner did police go public with the photograph than calls poured in, identifying the man as 36-year-old James Stissi. Less than three weeks later, detectives arrested Stissi at his home and charged him with robbery.
Which of the following is the best title for the story?
Taxes are special fees charged by a government on the people who live in a country, state, or city. These fees help pay for public __34__ like police, road and bridge repair, and public schools. In the United States, people have to pay national, income, and local taxes. Income tax is a tax __35__ to how much a person earns in a year. There are both federal and state income taxes. These have to be paid every year by April 15th. There are special forms the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the government __36__ in charge of collecting taxes, asks people to fill out. There are tax credits that people with low __37__ , college students, and parents can get. These credits could mean actually getting money back from the government. This money is called a tax refund. Anyone who works has to be taxed __38__ of the immigration status. Not paying income taxes could mean a fine or even jail time.
Taxes are special fees charged by a government on the people who live in a country, state, or city. These fees help pay for public __34__ like police, road and bridge repair, and public schools. In the United States, people have to pay national, income, and local taxes. Income tax is a tax __35__ to how much a person earns in a year. There are both federal and state income taxes. These have to be paid every year by April 15th. There are special forms the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the government __36__ in charge of collecting taxes, asks people to fill out. There are tax credits that people with low __37__ , college students, and parents can get. These credits could mean actually getting money back from the government. This money is called a tax refund. Anyone who works has to be taxed __38__ of the immigration status. Not paying income taxes could mean a fine or even jail time.
Taxes are special fees charged by a government on the people who live in a country, state, or city. These fees help pay for public __34__ like police, road and bridge repair, and public schools. In the United States, people have to pay national, income, and local taxes. Income tax is a tax __35__ to how much a person earns in a year. There are both federal and state income taxes. These have to be paid every year by April 15th. There are special forms the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the government __36__ in charge of collecting taxes, asks people to fill out. There are tax credits that people with low __37__ , college students, and parents can get. These credits could mean actually getting money back from the government. This money is called a tax refund. Anyone who works has to be taxed __38__ of the immigration status. Not paying income taxes could mean a fine or even jail time.
Taxes are special fees charged by a government on the people who live in a country, state, or city. These fees help pay for public __34__ like police, road and bridge repair, and public schools. In the United States, people have to pay national, income, and local taxes. Income tax is a tax __35__ to how much a person earns in a year. There are both federal and state income taxes. These have to be paid every year by April 15th. There are special forms the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the government __36__ in charge of collecting taxes, asks people to fill out. There are tax credits that people with low __37__ , college students, and parents can get. These credits could mean actually getting money back from the government. This money is called a tax refund. Anyone who works has to be taxed __38__ of the immigration status. Not paying income taxes could mean a fine or even jail time.
Taxes are special fees charged by a government on the people who live in a country, state, or city. These fees help pay for public __34__ like police, road and bridge repair, and public schools. In the United States, people have to pay national, income, and local taxes. Income tax is a tax __35__ to how much a person earns in a year. There are both federal and state income taxes. These have to be paid every year by April 15th. There are special forms the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), the government __36__ in charge of collecting taxes, asks people to fill out. There are tax credits that people with low __37__ , college students, and parents can get. These credits could mean actually getting money back from the government. This money is called a tax refund. Anyone who works has to be taxed __38__ of the immigration status. Not paying income taxes could mean a fine or even jail time.
The education of "bilingual" students in the U.S. has always been closely __39__ political, economic and social concerns. As a nation of immigrants, the U.S. was founded by colonists from multiple language backgrounds and nationalities. __40__ early private schools were quickly established to teach colonial children, schools were generally segregated by communities so that students studied in theirnative languages. As immigrant communities (mainly from Europe) vied for political and economic power in the new world, language and nationality differences raisedtensions between neighbors. This in turn __41__ calls for new immigrants to assimilate by learning the language and customs of earlier arrivals. For example, in colonial Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin complained that an influx of German speaking immigrants would threaten the ability of the English in the settlement to maintain their language and government. He was so worried about this prospect __42__ he established one of the first groups of English language schools for Germans with the hope of helping them to better assimilate__43__ the English-speaking culture.
The education of "bilingual" students in the U.S. has always been closely __39__ political, economic and social concerns. As a nation of immigrants, the U.S. was founded by colonists from multiple language backgrounds and nationalities. __40__ early private schools were quickly established to teach colonial children, schools were generally segregated by communities so that students studied in theirnative languages. As immigrant communities (mainly from Europe) vied for political and economic power in the new world, language and nationality differences raisedtensions between neighbors. This in turn __41__ calls for new immigrants to assimilate by learning the language and customs of earlier arrivals. For example, in colonial Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin complained that an influx of German speaking immigrants would threaten the ability of the English in the settlement to maintain their language and government. He was so worried about this prospect __42__ he established one of the first groups of English language schools for Germans with the hope of helping them to better assimilate__43__ the English-speaking culture.
The education of "bilingual" students in the U.S. has always been closely __39__ political, economic and social concerns. As a nation of immigrants, the U.S. was founded by colonists from multiple language backgrounds and nationalities. __40__ early private schools were quickly established to teach colonial children, schools were generally segregated by communities so that students studied in theirnative languages. As immigrant communities (mainly from Europe) vied for political and economic power in the new world, language and nationality differences raisedtensions between neighbors. This in turn __41__ calls for new immigrants to assimilate by learning the language and customs of earlier arrivals. For example, in colonial Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin complained that an influx of German speaking immigrants would threaten the ability of the English in the settlement to maintain their language and government. He was so worried about this prospect __42__ he established one of the first groups of English language schools for Germans with the hope of helping them to better assimilate__43__ the English-speaking culture.
The education of "bilingual" students in the U.S. has always been closely __39__ political, economic and social concerns. As a nation of immigrants, the U.S. was founded by colonists from multiple language backgrounds and nationalities. __40__ early private schools were quickly established to teach colonial children, schools were generally segregated by communities so that students studied in theirnative languages. As immigrant communities (mainly from Europe) vied for political and economic power in the new world, language and nationality differences raisedtensions between neighbors. This in turn __41__ calls for new immigrants to assimilate by learning the language and customs of earlier arrivals. For example, in colonial Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin complained that an influx of German speaking immigrants would threaten the ability of the English in the settlement to maintain their language and government. He was so worried about this prospect __42__ he established one of the first groups of English language schools for Germans with the hope of helping them to better assimilate__43__ the English-speaking culture.
The education of "bilingual" students in the U.S. has always been closely __39__ political, economic and social concerns. As a nation of immigrants, the U.S. was founded by colonists from multiple language backgrounds and nationalities. __40__ early private schools were quickly established to teach colonial children, schools were generally segregated by communities so that students studied in theirnative languages. As immigrant communities (mainly from Europe) vied for political and economic power in the new world, language and nationality differences raisedtensions between neighbors. This in turn __41__ calls for new immigrants to assimilate by learning the language and customs of earlier arrivals. For example, in colonial Pennsylvania, Benjamin Franklin complained that an influx of German speaking immigrants would threaten the ability of the English in the settlement to maintain their language and government. He was so worried about this prospect __42__ he established one of the first groups of English language schools for Germans with the hope of helping them to better assimilate__43__ the English-speaking culture.
Additive Manufacturing, or 3D printing, is known as it builds things through an additive process. It has a number of advantages over traditional techniques. Instead of machining components from solid billets of raw metal, a process in which much of the metal may be cut away and thus wasted, only the material needed to create the part is used in 3D printing. The technology can also be used to make prototypes and items that are too complicated to be machined. Meanwhile, existing objects can be scanned, reverse engineered and then “reprinted.” Another major advantage is that as there is no need to retool equipment each time product specifications are changed, 3D printers are ideal for custom jobs and short production runs. All that needs to be done is to make alterations to the program that controls the print heads. With all those advantages, some experts believe that the technology will overturn many of the traditional economics of production, as unit labor costs and traditional economics of scale are not applicable. The technology underlying 3D printing can be traced back to the 1970s, when the inkjet printer was invented. The mid-1980s saw the inkjet concept adapted to enable printing with materials other than ink. For years, however, the materials used to print objects were not robust enough to create a working prototype. The end product did not have enough structural integrity to serve as anything more than a visual reference for engineers creating products with computer aided design (CAD). The big breakthrough of 3D printing took place in the early 2000s, when companies and researchers started developing stronger plastic blends and began to use laser technology that not only allowed the use of powdered metals as the “ink,” but also improved the accuracy and efficiency of 3D printers. Today, the materials used to print objects range from numerous plastics and ceramics to metals and rubber-like substances. Somehow, the development of 3D printing is similar to that of photocopying. As with photocopiers, 3D printers are becoming more affordable, more applications for them are being found and more people are recognizing that the new technology can make things easier. The biggest ambition of those in the trade, therefore, is to see 3D printing become as commonplace as photocopying. Hopefully, people might be able to purchase a digital file of a 3D object, push the “print” button, and enjoy their designer product soon afterward.
Which of the following defines the word “additive” in the first sentence?
(A)
A substance that is added to food in order to improve its flavor.
(B)
A factor that is added to other factors for better overall effects.
(C)
A process that builds things by adding materials layer by layer.
(D)
A way that builds tension by adding materials again and again.