The term home schooling or home tuition, as it is called in England, means educating children at home or in places other than a mainstream setting such as a public or private school. There are many reasons why parents choose home schooling for their children. Some parents are 1 with the quality of education in the public schools. Others do not want their children to have to 2 peer pressure or social pressure from friends. They say it may interfere with the child’s studies. These parents fear this type of pressure will 3 negative behavior such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking drugs.
Bullying and harassing from other students is another 4 . Still other parents choose this type of education for religious reasons. Whatever the reasons may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of mainstream schools every year. 5 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling versus public schooling.
contented
dissatisfied
pleased
unconcerned
The term home schooling or home tuition, as it is called in England, means educating children at home or in places other than a mainstream setting such as a public or private school. There are many reasons why parents choose home schooling for their children. Some parents are 1 with the quality of education in the public schools. Others do not want their children to have to 2 peer pressure or social pressure from friends. They say it may interfere with the child’s studies. These parents fear this type of pressure will 3 negative behavior such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking drugs.
Bullying and harassing from other students is another 4 . Still other parents choose this type of education for religious reasons. Whatever the reasons may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of mainstream schools every year. 5 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling versus public schooling.
find out
look into
worry about
care for
The term home schooling or home tuition, as it is called in England, means educating children at home or in places other than a mainstream setting such as a public or private school. There are many reasons why parents choose home schooling for their children. Some parents are 1 with the quality of education in the public schools. Others do not want their children to have to 2 peer pressure or social pressure from friends. They say it may interfere with the child’s studies. These parents fear this type of pressure will 3 negative behavior such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking drugs.
Bullying and harassing from other students is another 4 . Still other parents choose this type of education for religious reasons. Whatever the reasons may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of mainstream schools every year. 5 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling versus public schooling.
derive from
lead to
result from
transfer to
The term home schooling or home tuition, as it is called in England, means educating children at home or in places other than a mainstream setting such as a public or private school. There are many reasons why parents choose home schooling for their children. Some parents are 1 with the quality of education in the public schools. Others do not want their children to have to 2 peer pressure or social pressure from friends. They say it may interfere with the child’s studies. These parents fear this type of pressure will 3 negative behavior such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking drugs.
Bullying and harassing from other students is another 4 . Still other parents choose this type of education for religious reasons. Whatever the reasons may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of mainstream schools every year. 5 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling versus public schooling.
concern
dilemma
option
definition
The term home schooling or home tuition, as it is called in England, means educating children at home or in places other than a mainstream setting such as a public or private school. There are many reasons why parents choose home schooling for their children. Some parents are 1 with the quality of education in the public schools. Others do not want their children to have to 2 peer pressure or social pressure from friends. They say it may interfere with the child’s studies. These parents fear this type of pressure will 3 negative behavior such as smoking, drinking alcohol, and taking drugs.
Bullying and harassing from other students is another 4 . Still other parents choose this type of education for religious reasons. Whatever the reasons may be, it is evident that more and more children are being taken out of mainstream schools every year. 5 , many questions have emerged, encouraging the debate over home schooling versus public schooling.
As a result
By the same token
For example
In summary
Hong Kong has lost its sky. The city is frequently 6 in a noxious smog, and many days the only place you can see a clear shot of the famously picturesque skyline is in ads for luxury apartments. Urban esthetics 7 , the damage to Hong Kong residents’ lungs may be worse. “The only safe conclusion is that air pollution is having a very serious 8 effect on the health of people of all ages,” says Dr. Anthony Hedley, chairman of the Department of Community Medicine at the University of Hong Kong. The only good news is that air pollution has become so severe that Hong Kongers are finally ready to force their leaders to act. And the city’s business community is pushing for solutions. The answers are out there: the government’s Council for Sustainable Development in early May 2006 released a number of smart anti-pollution 9 , such as restricting vehicle use on high-pollution days, and asking electricity producers to use only clean coal or low-polluting natural gas by 2010.
In the meantime, many experts doubt whether Hong Kong’s bureaucracy has the imagination or the will to implement those ideas. Christine Loh, CEO of the local think tank Civic Exchange, says that they just do not have the kind of political leadership now.
clammed
cloaked
soiled
sucked
Hong Kong has lost its sky. The city is frequently 6 in a noxious smog, and many days the only place you can see a clear shot of the famously picturesque skyline is in ads for luxury apartments. Urban esthetics 7 , the damage to Hong Kong residents’ lungs may be worse. “The only safe conclusion is that air pollution is having a very serious 8 effect on the health of people of all ages,” says Dr. Anthony Hedley, chairman of the Department of Community Medicine at the University of Hong Kong. The only good news is that air pollution has become so severe that Hong Kongers are finally ready to force their leaders to act. And the city’s business community is pushing for solutions. The answers are out there: the government’s Council for Sustainable Development in early May 2006 released a number of smart anti-pollution 9 , such as restricting vehicle use on high-pollution days, and asking electricity producers to use only clean coal or low-polluting natural gas by 2010.
In the meantime, many experts doubt whether Hong Kong’s bureaucracy has the imagination or the will to implement those ideas. Christine Loh, CEO of the local think tank Civic Exchange, says that they just do not have the kind of political leadership now.
apart
aside
besides
combined
Hong Kong has lost its sky. The city is frequently 6 in a noxious smog, and many days the only place you can see a clear shot of the famously picturesque skyline is in ads for luxury apartments. Urban esthetics 7 , the damage to Hong Kong residents’ lungs may be worse. “The only safe conclusion is that air pollution is having a very serious 8 effect on the health of people of all ages,” says Dr. Anthony Hedley, chairman of the Department of Community Medicine at the University of Hong Kong. The only good news is that air pollution has become so severe that Hong Kongers are finally ready to force their leaders to act. And the city’s business community is pushing for solutions. The answers are out there: the government’s Council for Sustainable Development in early May 2006 released a number of smart anti-pollution 9 , such as restricting vehicle use on high-pollution days, and asking electricity producers to use only clean coal or low-polluting natural gas by 2010.
In the meantime, many experts doubt whether Hong Kong’s bureaucracy has the imagination or the will to implement those ideas. Christine Loh, CEO of the local think tank Civic Exchange, says that they just do not have the kind of political leadership now.
abstract
abstruse
adverse
adorable
Hong Kong has lost its sky. The city is frequently 6 in a noxious smog, and many days the only place you can see a clear shot of the famously picturesque skyline is in ads for luxury apartments. Urban esthetics 7 , the damage to Hong Kong residents’ lungs may be worse. “The only safe conclusion is that air pollution is having a very serious 8 effect on the health of people of all ages,” says Dr. Anthony Hedley, chairman of the Department of Community Medicine at the University of Hong Kong. The only good news is that air pollution has become so severe that Hong Kongers are finally ready to force their leaders to act. And the city’s business community is pushing for solutions. The answers are out there: the government’s Council for Sustainable Development in early May 2006 released a number of smart anti-pollution 9 , such as restricting vehicle use on high-pollution days, and asking electricity producers to use only clean coal or low-polluting natural gas by 2010.
In the meantime, many experts doubt whether Hong Kong’s bureaucracy has the imagination or the will to implement those ideas. Christine Loh, CEO of the local think tank Civic Exchange, says that they just do not have the kind of political leadership now.
propensities
properties
prophecies
proposals
It is easy to blame China’s rapid economic growth for its devastating environmental situation. Scant attention has been paid to the costs of pollution or resource 10 engendered by this dramatic economic development. Central government investment in environmental protection remains 11 below the 2.2% of GDP which, Chinese scientists claim, is the minimum necessary to prevent further 12 . Pollution 13 are so low that factories often elect to pay them rather than take corrective measures. Water is typically priced far below replacement cost, discouraging recycling or conservation.
degradation
allocation
preservation
information
It is easy to blame China’s rapid economic growth for its devastating environmental situation. Scant attention has been paid to the costs of pollution or resource 10 engendered by this dramatic economic development. Central government investment in environmental protection remains 11 below the 2.2% of GDP which, Chinese scientists claim, is the minimum necessary to prevent further 12 . Pollution 13 are so low that factories often elect to pay them rather than take corrective measures. Water is typically priced far below replacement cost, discouraging recycling or conservation.
so
well
very
too
It is easy to blame China’s rapid economic growth for its devastating environmental situation. Scant attention has been paid to the costs of pollution or resource 10 engendered by this dramatic economic development. Central government investment in environmental protection remains 11 below the 2.2% of GDP which, Chinese scientists claim, is the minimum necessary to prevent further 12 . Pollution 13 are so low that factories often elect to pay them rather than take corrective measures. Water is typically priced far below replacement cost, discouraging recycling or conservation.
despondence
determination
determinism
deterioration
It is easy to blame China’s rapid economic growth for its devastating environmental situation. Scant attention has been paid to the costs of pollution or resource 10 engendered by this dramatic economic development. Central government investment in environmental protection remains 11 below the 2.2% of GDP which, Chinese scientists claim, is the minimum necessary to prevent further 12 . Pollution 13 are so low that factories often elect to pay them rather than take corrective measures. Water is typically priced far below replacement cost, discouraging recycling or conservation.
fees
fines
prizes
losses
As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the 14 of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But 15 , the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information, and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding, and geopolitical stability.
In response to the same forces that have 16 the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire spectrum of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an 17 world and collaborative research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.
locus
equation
product
application
As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the 14 of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But 15 , the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information, and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding, and geopolitical stability.
In response to the same forces that have 16 the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire spectrum of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an 17 world and collaborative research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.
in other words
at the same time
on the one hand
on the contrary
As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the 14 of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But 15 , the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information, and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding, and geopolitical stability.
In response to the same forces that have 16 the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire spectrum of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an 17 world and collaborative research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.
exacerbated
validated
propelled
dragged
As never before in their long history, universities have become instruments of national competition as well as instruments of peace. They are the 14 of the scientific discoveries that move economies forward, and the primary means of educating the talent required to obtain and maintain competitive advantage. But 15 , the opening of national borders to the flow of goods, services, information, and especially people has made universities a powerful force for global integration, mutual understanding, and geopolitical stability.
In response to the same forces that have 16 the world economy, universities have become more self-consciously global: seeking students from around the world who represent the entire spectrum of cultures and values, sending their own students abroad to prepare them for global careers, offering courses of study that address the challenges of an 17 world and collaborative research programs to advance science for the benefit of all humanity.
interchangeable
interconnected
internal
intervening
For some time now, it has been possible to imagine a moment when you will be able to watch whatever you want whenever you want in the setting of your choice. The handful of websites that now offer streaming or downloadable feature films offer a glimpse of what is to come.
One of the intriguing promises these websites hold is a kind of virtual cinematheque. The retrieval and preservation of film history has been a project of many decades, accelerated and democratized by the rise of the DVD, which has put hundreds of old films in easy reach of the multitudes. Now, with the Internet that extends the promise of comprehensiveness and universal accessibility, it is possible to expect that before too long the entire surviving history of movies will be open for browsing and sampling at the click of a mouse for a few dollars.
Besides making the established home viewing habits a bit easier to indulge, the on-line viewing experience also makes possible the rise of on-line video as a form of first-run distribution. That is, as more and more movies that find their public not at the multiplex or the art house, but at your house, the tyranny of feature films will erode. It is nearly impossible for a film that runs less than 70 minutes to be booked into a theater by itself, or for, say, a 17-minute movie to be given a block of television time. But on-line screen time is more flexible and may thus reward filmmakers for brevity or at least economy of expression.
What is the article mainly about?
The influence of the Internet on cinema.
An introduction to some movie websites.
The tyranny of feature films in film history.
A comparison between the DVD and the on-line video.
For some time now, it has been possible to imagine a moment when you will be able to watch whatever you want whenever you want in the setting of your choice. The handful of websites that now offer streaming or downloadable feature films offer a glimpse of what is to come.
One of the intriguing promises these websites hold is a kind of virtual cinematheque. The retrieval and preservation of film history has been a project of many decades, accelerated and democratized by the rise of the DVD, which has put hundreds of old films in easy reach of the multitudes. Now, with the Internet that extends the promise of comprehensiveness and universal accessibility, it is possible to expect that before too long the entire surviving history of movies will be open for browsing and sampling at the click of a mouse for a few dollars.
Besides making the established home viewing habits a bit easier to indulge, the on-line viewing experience also makes possible the rise of on-line video as a form of first-run distribution. That is, as more and more movies that find their public not at the multiplex or the art house, but at your house, the tyranny of feature films will erode. It is nearly impossible for a film that runs less than 70 minutes to be booked into a theater by itself, or for, say, a 17-minute movie to be given a block of television time. But on-line screen time is more flexible and may thus reward filmmakers for brevity or at least economy of expression.
According to the author, where could we more possibly see a 17-minute movie?
On television.
At an art house.
On the Internet.
At the multiplex.
For some time now, it has been possible to imagine a moment when you will be able to watch whatever you want whenever you want in the setting of your choice. The handful of websites that now offer streaming or downloadable feature films offer a glimpse of what is to come.
One of the intriguing promises these websites hold is a kind of virtual cinematheque. The retrieval and preservation of film history has been a project of many decades, accelerated and democratized by the rise of the DVD, which has put hundreds of old films in easy reach of the multitudes. Now, with the Internet that extends the promise of comprehensiveness and universal accessibility, it is possible to expect that before too long the entire surviving history of movies will be open for browsing and sampling at the click of a mouse for a few dollars.
Besides making the established home viewing habits a bit easier to indulge, the on-line viewing experience also makes possible the rise of on-line video as a form of first-run distribution. That is, as more and more movies that find their public not at the multiplex or the art house, but at your house, the tyranny of feature films will erode. It is nearly impossible for a film that runs less than 70 minutes to be booked into a theater by itself, or for, say, a 17-minute movie to be given a block of television time. But on-line screen time is more flexible and may thus reward filmmakers for brevity or at least economy of expression.
What has the rise of the DVD contributed to?
The tyranny of the feature films.
The rise of virtual cinematheque.
The habits of watching films at an art house.
A wider general public access to films.
For some time now, it has been possible to imagine a moment when you will be able to watch whatever you want whenever you want in the setting of your choice. The handful of websites that now offer streaming or downloadable feature films offer a glimpse of what is to come.
One of the intriguing promises these websites hold is a kind of virtual cinematheque. The retrieval and preservation of film history has been a project of many decades, accelerated and democratized by the rise of the DVD, which has put hundreds of old films in easy reach of the multitudes. Now, with the Internet that extends the promise of comprehensiveness and universal accessibility, it is possible to expect that before too long the entire surviving history of movies will be open for browsing and sampling at the click of a mouse for a few dollars.
Besides making the established home viewing habits a bit easier to indulge, the on-line viewing experience also makes possible the rise of on-line video as a form of first-run distribution. That is, as more and more movies that find their public not at the multiplex or the art house, but at your house, the tyranny of feature films will erode. It is nearly impossible for a film that runs less than 70 minutes to be booked into a theater by itself, or for, say, a 17-minute movie to be given a block of television time. But on-line screen time is more flexible and may thus reward filmmakers for brevity or at least economy of expression.
Which of the following is NOT implied in the article?
The online cinema will change the way films are distributed.
The online cinema will make film-viewing cheaper.
The online cinema will encourage the production of shorter films.
The online cinema will replace the DVD.
For some time now, it has been possible to imagine a moment when you will be able to watch whatever you want whenever you want in the setting of your choice. The handful of websites that now offer streaming or downloadable feature films offer a glimpse of what is to come.
One of the intriguing promises these websites hold is a kind of virtual cinematheque. The retrieval and preservation of film history has been a project of many decades, accelerated and democratized by the rise of the DVD, which has put hundreds of old films in easy reach of the multitudes. Now, with the Internet that extends the promise of comprehensiveness and universal accessibility, it is possible to expect that before too long the entire surviving history of movies will be open for browsing and sampling at the click of a mouse for a few dollars.
Besides making the established home viewing habits a bit easier to indulge, the on-line viewing experience also makes possible the rise of on-line video as a form of first-run distribution. That is, as more and more movies that find their public not at the multiplex or the art house, but at your house, the tyranny of feature films will erode. It is nearly impossible for a film that runs less than 70 minutes to be booked into a theater by itself, or for, say, a 17-minute movie to be given a block of television time. But on-line screen time is more flexible and may thus reward filmmakers for brevity or at least economy of expression.
Which of the following statements about the preservation of film history is true?
The preservation of film history has been complete since the rise of the DVD.
The preservation of film history begins with the advent of virtual cinematheque.
The preservation of film history is easier with the advent of virtual cinematheque.
The preservation of film history has become difficult because of the rise of the DVD.
Languages divide the spectrum up in different ways. Welsh speakers use “gwyrdd” (pronounced “goo-irrrth”) as a general word for green. Yet “grass” literally translates as “blue straw.” That is because the Welsh word for blue (“glas”) can accommodate all shades of green. English-speaking anthropologists affectionately squish “green” and “blue” together to call Welsh an example of a “grue” language. A few of them think grue languages are spoken by societies that live up mountains or near the equator because ultraviolet radiation, which is stronger in such places, causes a progressive yellowing of the lens. This, the theory goes, makes the eye less sensitive to short wavelengths (those that correspond to the green and blue parts of the spectrum). Unfortunately, though the Welsh do live in a hilly country, it is hardly mountainous enough—let alone sunny enough—to qualify.
The ultraviolet theory, however, is just one idea among many in the debate about the psychology of color. Like many debates in psychology, this one pits congenital, fundamentally generic, explanations against explanations that rely on environmental determinism. Psychologists in the former camp think people are born with ingrained ideas about how hues are grouped. They believe the brain is preconditioned to pick out the six colors on a Rubik’s cube whatever tongue it is taught to think in. The other camp, by contrast, thinks that the spectrum can be chopped into categories anywhere along its length. Moreover, they suspect that the language an individual learns from his/her parents is the main explanation for where that chopping takes place.
What does “grue” represent in this passage?
A combination of gray and yellowish hue colors.
A combination of green and blue colors.
A combination of gold and brownish hue colors.
A combination of gray and blue colors.
Languages divide the spectrum up in different ways. Welsh speakers use “gwyrdd” (pronounced “goo-irrrth”) as a general word for green. Yet “grass” literally translates as “blue straw.” That is because the Welsh word for blue (“glas”) can accommodate all shades of green. English-speaking anthropologists affectionately squish “green” and “blue” together to call Welsh an example of a “grue” language. A few of them think grue languages are spoken by societies that live up mountains or near the equator because ultraviolet radiation, which is stronger in such places, causes a progressive yellowing of the lens. This, the theory goes, makes the eye less sensitive to short wavelengths (those that correspond to the green and blue parts of the spectrum). Unfortunately, though the Welsh do live in a hilly country, it is hardly mountainous enough—let alone sunny enough—to qualify.
The ultraviolet theory, however, is just one idea among many in the debate about the psychology of color. Like many debates in psychology, this one pits congenital, fundamentally generic, explanations against explanations that rely on environmental determinism. Psychologists in the former camp think people are born with ingrained ideas about how hues are grouped. They believe the brain is preconditioned to pick out the six colors on a Rubik’s cube whatever tongue it is taught to think in. The other camp, by contrast, thinks that the spectrum can be chopped into categories anywhere along its length. Moreover, they suspect that the language an individual learns from his/her parents is the main explanation for where that chopping takes place.
According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?
“Grass” in Welsh is “gwyrdd.”
Ultraviolet radiation is weaker in mountainous areas.
Stronger ultraviolet radiation would cause a progressive yellowing of the lens.
People who live near the equator tend to learn Welsh fast.
Languages divide the spectrum up in different ways. Welsh speakers use “gwyrdd” (pronounced “goo-irrrth”) as a general word for green. Yet “grass” literally translates as “blue straw.” That is because the Welsh word for blue (“glas”) can accommodate all shades of green. English-speaking anthropologists affectionately squish “green” and “blue” together to call Welsh an example of a “grue” language. A few of them think grue languages are spoken by societies that live up mountains or near the equator because ultraviolet radiation, which is stronger in such places, causes a progressive yellowing of the lens. This, the theory goes, makes the eye less sensitive to short wavelengths (those that correspond to the green and blue parts of the spectrum). Unfortunately, though the Welsh do live in a hilly country, it is hardly mountainous enough—let alone sunny enough—to qualify.
The ultraviolet theory, however, is just one idea among many in the debate about the psychology of color. Like many debates in psychology, this one pits congenital, fundamentally generic, explanations against explanations that rely on environmental determinism. Psychologists in the former camp think people are born with ingrained ideas about how hues are grouped. They believe the brain is preconditioned to pick out the six colors on a Rubik’s cube whatever tongue it is taught to think in. The other camp, by contrast, thinks that the spectrum can be chopped into categories anywhere along its length. Moreover, they suspect that the language an individual learns from his/her parents is the main explanation for where that chopping takes place.
What does the word “congenital” mean in this passage?
Something that a person is born with.
Something that a person learns.
Something that a person conceives.
Something that a person lives by.
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