GRAMMAR: Choose the INCORRECT one from the underlined choices.
Allan is afraid of the rain, he likes the thunder. No error.
A B C D E
A
B
C
D
E
GRAMMAR: Choose the INCORRECT one from the underlined choices.
Maria, who had just eaten, thought concerning having a candy bar or ice cream. No error.
A B C D E
A
B
C
D
E
GRAMMAR: Choose the INCORRECT one from the underlined choices.
A
B
C
D
E
GRAMMAR: Choose the INCORRECT one from the underlined choices.
A
B
C
D
E
GRAMMAR: Choose the INCORRECT one from the underlined choices.
A
B
C
D
E
GRAMMAR: Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the sentences.
It is crucial that the manager without any delay after such an embarrassing
transaction.
resigned
resign
is resigning
will resign
resigns
GRAMMAR: Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the sentences.
What is important for us now is not happened, but caused this
all.
what / who
why / what
where / whom
which / who
how / where
GRAMMAR: Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the sentences.
The department head insisted that he absolute authority to regulate office
workers.
gives
is given
would give
be given
would be given
GRAMMAR: Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the sentences.
Do you think it is really important kind of people they are we
do business honestly?
whichever / as far as
what / provided
how / so that
which / unless
whatever / not only
GRAMMAR: Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the sentences.
only a few businesswomen attended the grand-opening of an international
fashion house will be a great issue for tomorrow’s newspapers.
Why
What
Where
Which
Whom
GRAMMAR: Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the sentences.
Spurred by the vibrant economy and a lifestyle of international renown,
into the United Kingdom keeps growing.
immigrants
immigration
emigration
emigrants
GRAMMAR: Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the sentences.
The economy is starting to speed an consumers are starting to get their
confidence back.
wait on
pick up
pick on
arrive in
GRAMMAR: Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the sentences.
The Nasdaq Composite is highly followed around the world as an of the
performance of stocks and the growth of technological companies.
indicter
incinerator
impostor
indicator
GRAMMAR: Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the sentences.
There are piracies in coastal areas of many countries around the world. Kidnapping for
ransom occurs.
ever
hardly
often
never
GRAMMAR: Choose the most appropriate answer to complete the sentences.
The clothes that you wanted me to pick up Jason’s Dryers are all in the
closet now.
off
in
on
at
GRAMMAR: In some of the sentences, a word or phrase has been replaced in the
following passage by a blank. Choose the correct answer that best completes the
sentence.
It has now been more than a year since the financial crisis . Trillions of
dollars in household wealth
peaks
has peaked
peaked
to peak
GRAMMAR: In some of the sentences, a word or phrase has been replaced in the
following passage by a blank. Choose the correct answer that best completes the
sentence.
were erased and millions of jobs were lost. Relying on market discipline to
for weak regulation and
compare
compile
compel
compensate
GRAMMAR: In some of the sentences, a word or phrase has been replaced in the
following passage by a blank. Choose the correct answer that best completes the
sentence.
then leaving it to the government to clean up the mess was not a good strategy for
economic growth or financial security. Therefore, a security mechanism should be
created and 18 effect immediately to 19 gaps and
run
worked at
put into
argue with
GRAMMAR: In some of the sentences, a word or phrase has been replaced in the
following passage by a blank. Choose the correct answer that best completes the
sentence.
then leaving it to the government to clean up the mess was not a good strategy for
economic growth or financial security. Therefore, a security mechanism should be
created and 18 effect immediately to 19 gaps and
eliminate
enlarge
impose
invent
GRAMMAR: In some of the sentences, a word or phrase has been replaced in the
following passage by a blank. Choose the correct answer that best completes the
sentence.
loopholes allowed large firms to avoid strong comprehensive government
oversight.
when
where
that
who
VOCABULARY: Choose the correct word that matches the meaning given.
adj. being of a good omen; successful; favorable; beneficent
auspicious
congenial
compatible
deplorable
VOCABULARY: Choose the correct word that matches the meaning given.
adj. pertaining to the sky; heavenly
obsolete
implacable
celestial
gluttonous
VOCABULARY: Choose the correct word that matches the meaning given.
adj. prejudiced; influenced; not neutral
mercenary
biased
dolorous
discrete
VOCABULARY: Choose the correct word that matches the meaning given.
adj. fanciful; amusing; capricious
whimsical
convivial
consummate
utilitarian
VOCABULARY: Choose the correct word that matches the meaning given.
n. act of rejoicing; joy; gaiety; glee
accord
approbation
simper
exultation
VOCABULARY: Choose the correct word that matches the meaning given.
n. suitability; ability
devastation
aptness
hiatus
novice
VOCABULARY: Choose the correct word that matches the meaning given.
n. danger; peril; hazard
jeopardy
imprecation
sinecure
respite
VOCABULARY: Choose the correct word that matches the meaning given.
v. behavior; bearing; conduct; appearance
analogy
longevity
adversary
demeanor
VOCABULARY: Choose the correct word that matches the meaning given.
v. to shrink in fear; to flinch; to grovel; to recoil
expound
diversify
cringe
hoax
VOCABULARY: Choose the correct word that matches the meaning given.
v. to say again
fathom
belie
petrify
reiterate
Have you ever wondered why a cup of coffee is also known as “a cup of Joe”
during the 1930s and 1940s? Where was this phrase originated? One of the most
agreed opinions was from the abolishment of the officers’ wine mess by the secretary
of the US Navy, Admiral Josephus ‘Joe’ Daniels. From that time on, the strongest
drink aboard navy ships was coffee and over the years, a cup of coffee became known
as “a cup of Joe”.
Among his numerous reforms, Josephus Daniels was also known for favoring
promotion from the ranks and inaugurating the practice of making 100 sailors from the
fleet eligible for entrance into the Naval Academy annually, and the introduction of
women into the service.
What is “a cup of Joe”?
Joe’s coffee shop
A cup of coffee
Coffee beans
A special flavored coffee for navy officers
Have you ever wondered why a cup of coffee is also known as “a cup of Joe”
during the 1930s and 1940s? Where was this phrase originated? One of the most
agreed opinions was from the abolishment of the officers’ wine mess by the secretary
of the US Navy, Admiral Josephus ‘Joe’ Daniels. From that time on, the strongest
drink aboard navy ships was coffee and over the years, a cup of coffee became known
as “a cup of Joe”.
Among his numerous reforms, Josephus Daniels was also known for favoring
promotion from the ranks and inaugurating the practice of making 100 sailors from the
fleet eligible for entrance into the Naval Academy annually, and the introduction of
women into the service.
What does the word “inaugurating” mean?
commencing
abolishing
eliminating
radiating
Have you ever wondered why a cup of coffee is also known as “a cup of Joe”
during the 1930s and 1940s? Where was this phrase originated? One of the most
agreed opinions was from the abolishment of the officers’ wine mess by the secretary
of the US Navy, Admiral Josephus ‘Joe’ Daniels. From that time on, the strongest
drink aboard navy ships was coffee and over the years, a cup of coffee became known
as “a cup of Joe”.
Among his numerous reforms, Josephus Daniels was also known for favoring
promotion from the ranks and inaugurating the practice of making 100 sailors from the
fleet eligible for entrance into the Naval Academy annually, and the introduction of
women into the service.
Which of the following was not one of Josephus Daniels’ reforms?
The abolishment of the officers’ wine mess
Promotion from the ranks
The introduction of women into the service
Allowing officers to drink Whisky on board
In this economy, many businesses have been forced to close their doors. Recent
polls show a dramatic erosion of faith in business. Three of four Americans trust
business less than they did one year ago. Only a third trust business to do the right
thing, half what it used to be. Among young people, the loss of confidence is
especially marked.
These figures are mirrored across the world. The same polls show that, globally,
66 percent of the world’s people think business should be fully engaged in tackling our
common problems. Those who disagree total only 3 percent.
Without confidence, we cannot prosper.
What is the approximate percentage of Americans who trust business less than they
did one year ago?
30%
40%
75%
100%
In this economy, many businesses have been forced to close their doors. Recent
polls show a dramatic erosion of faith in business. Three of four Americans trust
business less than they did one year ago. Only a third trust business to do the right
thing, half what it used to be. Among young people, the loss of confidence is
especially marked.
These figures are mirrored across the world. The same polls show that, globally,
66 percent of the world’s people think business should be fully engaged in tackling our
common problems. Those who disagree total only 3 percent.
Without confidence, we cannot prosper.
Which of the following can be inferred from the sentence “Without confidence, we
cannot prosper.”?
Even if we have confidence, we cannot proper.
Confidence is not important for prosperity.
When we are prosperous, we will have confidence.
If we have confidence, we will prosper.
In this economy, many businesses have been forced to close their doors. Recent
polls show a dramatic erosion of faith in business. Three of four Americans trust
business less than they did one year ago. Only a third trust business to do the right
thing, half what it used to be. Among young people, the loss of confidence is
especially marked.
These figures are mirrored across the world. The same polls show that, globally,
66 percent of the world’s people think business should be fully engaged in tackling our
common problems. Those who disagree total only 3 percent.
Without confidence, we cannot prosper.
Who lost faith in business most significantly?
children
the middle-aged
the elderly
young people
The solar wind is a stream of energized, charged particles, primarily electrons and
protons, flowing out from the Sun. When racing normally along at about 450 km/s, it
is usually harmless because of its low density, but when a sudden burst occurs and
emits large amounts of very fast charged particles, it can gust at up to 1,700 km/s or
more, which can damage power systems, GPS navigation, air travel, financial services
and emergency radio communications.
People of the 21st century rely on high-tech systems for the basics of daily life. A
major solar storm could cause tremendous economic damages. For example, there are
over 936 operating satellites in space, worth an estimated $200 billion to replace. The
Sun is about to get a lot more active, following an 11-year cycle. We cannot prevent
solar storms, but we can monitor and give warnings when stormy weather is
approaching. Hopefully, appropriate actions such as putting satellites in ‘safe mode’
and disconnecting transformers to protect electronics from electrical surges can be
taken to limit the damages.
When a solar storm is coming, why do we need to disconnect transformers?
to make routine maintenances
so as to not to be blown away by solar winds
to avoid electrical surges
to repair damaged transformers
The solar wind is a stream of energized, charged particles, primarily electrons and
protons, flowing out from the Sun. When racing normally along at about 450 km/s, it
is usually harmless because of its low density, but when a sudden burst occurs and
emits large amounts of very fast charged particles, it can gust at up to 1,700 km/s or
more, which can damage power systems, GPS navigation, air travel, financial services
and emergency radio communications.
People of the 21st century rely on high-tech systems for the basics of daily life. A
major solar storm could cause tremendous economic damages. For example, there are
over 936 operating satellites in space, worth an estimated $200 billion to replace. The
Sun is about to get a lot more active, following an 11-year cycle. We cannot prevent
solar storms, but we can monitor and give warnings when stormy weather is
approaching. Hopefully, appropriate actions such as putting satellites in ‘safe mode’
and disconnecting transformers to protect electronics from electrical surges can be
taken to limit the damages.
Which of the following statement is false?
We can monitor and give warnings when stormy weather is approaching.
Solar storms may damage our high-tech systems.
The solar wind is a stream of energized, charged particles.
We can stop the Sun from emitting solar winds with today’s technologies.
Commodities are often substances that come out of the earth such as crude oil,
coal, aluminum, copper, gold, silver, salt, sugar, rice, wheat, and maintain roughly a
universal price, fluctuated daily and based on global supply and demand. On a
commodity exchange, it is the underlying standard stated in the contract that defines
the commodity, not any quality inherent in a specific producer’s product.
Commodities are traded in two types of markets: the spot (or cash) market where
goods are bought and sold for immediate delivery, and the futures market where
contracts are for future delivery. In the futures market, both businesses and producers
can use futures contracts to lock in their prices and profits. In addition, investors also
may buy and sell futures contracts to try to make money on price changes.
Which of the following statements is false?
Commodity prices are fluctuated daily.
The quality of a specific producer’s product will be specified in a commodity
contract.
Commodities are often substances that come out of the earth.
Commodity prices are determined by supply and demand.
Commodities are often substances that come out of the earth such as crude oil,
coal, aluminum, copper, gold, silver, salt, sugar, rice, wheat, and maintain roughly a
universal price, fluctuated daily and based on global supply and demand. On a
commodity exchange, it is the underlying standard stated in the contract that defines
the commodity, not any quality inherent in a specific producer’s product.
Commodities are traded in two types of markets: the spot (or cash) market where
goods are bought and sold for immediate delivery, and the futures market where
contracts are for future delivery. In the futures market, both businesses and producers
can use futures contracts to lock in their prices and profits. In addition, investors also
may buy and sell futures contracts to try to make money on price changes.
Which of the following statements is true?
The spot market is where goods are bought and sold for future delivery.
The futures market is where goods are bought and sold for immediate delivery.
Only producers can use futures contracts to lock in profits.
Investors may make money by buying and selling futures contracts.
When does culture shock happen?
when you reach your teens
when you move to a big city
when you meet foreign people for the first time
when you go to live in a foreign culture
How do you feel during the first stage of culture shock?
lonely and depressed
bored and homesick
happy and excited
angry and frustrated
How do you feel during the second stage?
homesick and afraid
interested and amused
stressed, but positive
you have no particular feelings
How could the third stage be described?
adjustment
rejection
enthusiasm
anger
Why might reverse culture shock be a problem?
It hardly ever happens.
It is extremely stressful.
Most people do not expect it.
It only happens to young people.
Social Influence
Of the many influences on human behavior, social influences are the most
pervasive. The main influence on people is people. When we hear the term social
influence, most of us think of deliberate attempts of someone to persuade us to alter
our actions or change our opinions. The television commercial comes to mind. But
many of the most important forms of social influence are unintentional, and some of
the effects we humans have on one another occur by virtue of the simple fact that we
are in each other’s physical presence.
In 1989 a psychologist named Triplett made an interesting observation. In looking
over speed records of bicycle racers, he noticed that better speed records were
obtained when cyclists raced against each other than when they raced against the clock.
This observation led Triplett to perform the first controlled laboratory experiment ever
conducted in social psychology. He instructed children to turn a wheel as fast as
possible for a certain period of time. Sometimes two children worked at the same time
in the same room, each with his own wheel; at other times, they worked alone. The
results confirmed his theory: Children worked faster in coaction, that is, when another
child doing the same thing was present, than when they worked alone.
Soon after Triplett’s experiment on coaction, it was discovered that the mere
presence of a passive spectator (an audience rather than a coactor) was sufficient to
facilitate performance. This was discovered accidentally in a experiment on muscular
effort and fatigue by Meumann (1904), who found that subjects lifted a weight faster
and farther whenever the psychologist was in the room. Later experiments have
confirmed this audience effect.
It appears that coaction and audience effects in humans are caused by the
individual’s “cognitive” concerns about competition and the evaluation of performance
that others will make. We learn as we grow up that others praise or criticize, reward or
punish our performances, and this raises our drive level when we perform before
others. Thus, even the early studies of coaction found that if all elements of
competition are removed, coaction effects are reduced or eliminated. Similarly,
audience effects are a function of the subject’s interpretation of how much he is being
evaluate.
Adapted from Ernesl R. Hilgard, Richard C. Alkinson. And Rila L Aikinson. Introduction to
Psychology. 1975 by Harcouri Brace Javanovich, Inc.
Which of the following would be an example of the coaction effect?
A woman works harder when her boss is in the room than when she is alone.
Bob’s two children finish their homework faster when he is watching them than
when he is not.
Players on the team work harder when they exercise together than when they each
exercise alone.
Joe and his two friends work more slowly when they are together than when each
is alone.
Social Influence
Of the many influences on human behavior, social influences are the most
pervasive. The main influence on people is people. When we hear the term social
influence, most of us think of deliberate attempts of someone to persuade us to alter
our actions or change our opinions. The television commercial comes to mind. But
many of the most important forms of social influence are unintentional, and some of
the effects we humans have on one another occur by virtue of the simple fact that we
are in each other’s physical presence.
In 1989 a psychologist named Triplett made an interesting observation. In looking
over speed records of bicycle racers, he noticed that better speed records were
obtained when cyclists raced against each other than when they raced against the clock.
This observation led Triplett to perform the first controlled laboratory experiment ever
conducted in social psychology. He instructed children to turn a wheel as fast as
possible for a certain period of time. Sometimes two children worked at the same time
in the same room, each with his own wheel; at other times, they worked alone. The
results confirmed his theory: Children worked faster in coaction, that is, when another
child doing the same thing was present, than when they worked alone.
Soon after Triplett’s experiment on coaction, it was discovered that the mere
presence of a passive spectator (an audience rather than a coactor) was sufficient to
facilitate performance. This was discovered accidentally in a experiment on muscular
effort and fatigue by Meumann (1904), who found that subjects lifted a weight faster
and farther whenever the psychologist was in the room. Later experiments have
confirmed this audience effect.
It appears that coaction and audience effects in humans are caused by the
individual’s “cognitive” concerns about competition and the evaluation of performance
that others will make. We learn as we grow up that others praise or criticize, reward or
punish our performances, and this raises our drive level when we perform before
others. Thus, even the early studies of coaction found that if all elements of
competition are removed, coaction effects are reduced or eliminated. Similarly,
audience effects are a function of the subject’s interpretation of how much he is being
evaluate.
Adapted from Ernesl R. Hilgard, Richard C. Alkinson. And Rila L Aikinson. Introduction to
Psychology. 1975 by Harcouri Brace Javanovich, Inc.
What is the main idea of the last paragraph?
How people grow up determines their adult behavior.
Competition and evaluation increases the coaction and audience effects.
People praise and criticize children as they grow up.
Competition and evaluation are not related to the coaction and audience effects.
Social Influence
Of the many influences on human behavior, social influences are the most
pervasive. The main influence on people is people. When we hear the term social
influence, most of us think of deliberate attempts of someone to persuade us to alter
our actions or change our opinions. The television commercial comes to mind. But
many of the most important forms of social influence are unintentional, and some of
the effects we humans have on one another occur by virtue of the simple fact that we
are in each other’s physical presence.
In 1989 a psychologist named Triplett made an interesting observation. In looking
over speed records of bicycle racers, he noticed that better speed records were
obtained when cyclists raced against each other than when they raced against the clock.
This observation led Triplett to perform the first controlled laboratory experiment ever
conducted in social psychology. He instructed children to turn a wheel as fast as
possible for a certain period of time. Sometimes two children worked at the same time
in the same room, each with his own wheel; at other times, they worked alone. The
results confirmed his theory: Children worked faster in coaction, that is, when another
child doing the same thing was present, than when they worked alone.
Soon after Triplett’s experiment on coaction, it was discovered that the mere
presence of a passive spectator (an audience rather than a coactor) was sufficient to
facilitate performance. This was discovered accidentally in a experiment on muscular
effort and fatigue by Meumann (1904), who found that subjects lifted a weight faster
and farther whenever the psychologist was in the room. Later experiments have
confirmed this audience effect.
It appears that coaction and audience effects in humans are caused by the
individual’s “cognitive” concerns about competition and the evaluation of performance
that others will make. We learn as we grow up that others praise or criticize, reward or
punish our performances, and this raises our drive level when we perform before
others. Thus, even the early studies of coaction found that if all elements of
competition are removed, coaction effects are reduced or eliminated. Similarly,
audience effects are a function of the subject’s interpretation of how much he is being
evaluate.
Adapted from Ernesl R. Hilgard, Richard C. Alkinson. And Rila L Aikinson. Introduction to
Psychology. 1975 by Harcouri Brace Javanovich, Inc.
According to the passage, Triplett’s experiment of 1898
supported his theory of coaction effect.
challenged his theory of coaction effect.
showed that cyclists race harder against each other than against the clock.
showed the connection between coaction effect and audience effect.
Social Influence
Of the many influences on human behavior, social influences are the most
pervasive. The main influence on people is people. When we hear the term social
influence, most of us think of deliberate attempts of someone to persuade us to alter
our actions or change our opinions. The television commercial comes to mind. But
many of the most important forms of social influence are unintentional, and some of
the effects we humans have on one another occur by virtue of the simple fact that we
are in each other’s physical presence.
In 1989 a psychologist named Triplett made an interesting observation. In looking
over speed records of bicycle racers, he noticed that better speed records were
obtained when cyclists raced against each other than when they raced against the clock.
This observation led Triplett to perform the first controlled laboratory experiment ever
conducted in social psychology. He instructed children to turn a wheel as fast as
possible for a certain period of time. Sometimes two children worked at the same time
in the same room, each with his own wheel; at other times, they worked alone. The
results confirmed his theory: Children worked faster in coaction, that is, when another
child doing the same thing was present, than when they worked alone.
Soon after Triplett’s experiment on coaction, it was discovered that the mere
presence of a passive spectator (an audience rather than a coactor) was sufficient to
facilitate performance. This was discovered accidentally in a experiment on muscular
effort and fatigue by Meumann (1904), who found that subjects lifted a weight faster
and farther whenever the psychologist was in the room. Later experiments have
confirmed this audience effect.
It appears that coaction and audience effects in humans are caused by the
individual’s “cognitive” concerns about competition and the evaluation of performance
that others will make. We learn as we grow up that others praise or criticize, reward or
punish our performances, and this raises our drive level when we perform before
others. Thus, even the early studies of coaction found that if all elements of
competition are removed, coaction effects are reduced or eliminated. Similarly,
audience effects are a function of the subject’s interpretation of how much he is being
evaluate.
Adapted from Ernesl R. Hilgard, Richard C. Alkinson. And Rila L Aikinson. Introduction to
Psychology. 1975 by Harcouri Brace Javanovich, Inc.
As it is used in the passage, what does the highlighted phrase “comes to mind” mean?
Is a problem
Affects our thinking
Created confusion
Is an example
Social Influence
Of the many influences on human behavior, social influences are the most
pervasive. The main influence on people is people. When we hear the term social
influence, most of us think of deliberate attempts of someone to persuade us to alter
our actions or change our opinions. The television commercial comes to mind. But
many of the most important forms of social influence are unintentional, and some of
the effects we humans have on one another occur by virtue of the simple fact that we
are in each other’s physical presence.
In 1989 a psychologist named Triplett made an interesting observation. In looking
over speed records of bicycle racers, he noticed that better speed records were
obtained when cyclists raced against each other than when they raced against the clock.
This observation led Triplett to perform the first controlled laboratory experiment ever
conducted in social psychology. He instructed children to turn a wheel as fast as
possible for a certain period of time. Sometimes two children worked at the same time
in the same room, each with his own wheel; at other times, they worked alone. The
results confirmed his theory: Children worked faster in coaction, that is, when another
child doing the same thing was present, than when they worked alone.
Soon after Triplett’s experiment on coaction, it was discovered that the mere
presence of a passive spectator (an audience rather than a coactor) was sufficient to
facilitate performance. This was discovered accidentally in a experiment on muscular
effort and fatigue by Meumann (1904), who found that subjects lifted a weight faster
and farther whenever the psychologist was in the room. Later experiments have
confirmed this audience effect.
It appears that coaction and audience effects in humans are caused by the
individual’s “cognitive” concerns about competition and the evaluation of performance
that others will make. We learn as we grow up that others praise or criticize, reward or
punish our performances, and this raises our drive level when we perform before
others. Thus, even the early studies of coaction found that if all elements of
competition are removed, coaction effects are reduced or eliminated. Similarly,
audience effects are a function of the subject’s interpretation of how much he is being
evaluate.
Adapted from Ernesl R. Hilgard, Richard C. Alkinson. And Rila L Aikinson. Introduction to
Psychology. 1975 by Harcouri Brace Javanovich, Inc.
Where would you most likely find this passage?
In a business letter
In an instructional manual
In a college textbook
In a book review
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