To gain a broad background, the student enrolled in a curriculum.
disseminate
dissident
diverse
discordant
The islanders overthrew the dictators to achieve .
autonomy
autocracy
automaton
autopsy
She said that her husband fishing the previous night.
went
has gone
would go
had gone
There are plenty of activities going on now.
harvest-relating
harvest-relate
harvest-related
relating-harvest
, he would have been able to pass the exam.
If he studied more
Had he studied more
Studying more
If he were studying to a greater degree
After the wedding, they celebrated with a big .
banquet
suite
medieval
grounds
For , he's going to cut out the comments on global warming.
obesity
curiosity
brevity
insanity
The travel agent made an error with our flight schedule, airline and .
administrations
accommodations
considerations
foundations
Syria vows to after attack on police and security forces.
reiterate
retail
reinterpret
retaliate
Sam his son’s feet and made him laugh.
tickled
entertained
charmed
sparked
In literary and cultural terms in particular, the last decade of the 19th century was
marked by a greater pessimism and realism, the 20th century than to the
heady confidence of High Victorian England.
belonged more to
belonged to
which belonged more to
which belonged to
In 1900, Ireland was a single political region subject to British rule,
directly by the British parliament in London.
governing
was governed
to be governing
governed
The of the committee was that more funds were necessary to support the
school athletic programs.
collusion
consensus
commotion
congregation
Poor study skills are a(n) to earning high grades.
impediment
expedient
pedigree
centipede
The movie director’s for blondes led him to choose Cameron Diaz for the
part.
presage
posterity
prospectus
predilection
After the wedding, they celebrated with a big .
banquet
suite
medieval
grounds
For , he's going to cut out the comments on global warming.
obesity
curiosity
brevity
insanity
The travel agent made an error with our flight schedule, airline and .
administrations
accommodations
considerations
foundations
Syria vows to after attack on police and security forces.
reiterate
retail
reinterpret
retaliate
Sam his son’s feet and made him laugh.
tickled
entertained
charmed
sparked
A. For questions 21-23
Myths and legends are stories that explain why the world is the way it is. All cultures
have them. These legends often contain strange creatures that do not exist. One such
creature is the dragon. Dragons are mentioned in legends from all over the world─ in
Europe, Asia, and Africa. The appearance of dragons differs from country to country.
European dragons have wings, but Chinese and Japanese dragons usually don’t. Chinese
dragons are often red, while English dragons are a green color. In particular, there is one
dragon legend that is very well known in England ─ the legend of Saint George and the
dragon. Hundreds of years ago, there was a dragon with huge wings and strong claws. It
breathed flames and poisonous smoke from its enormous nostrils. Every year, the dragon
came to the town. It was given a young girl to eat, to stop it from harming the town. One
year, a young princess was given to the dragon. However, she was able to escape thanks to
Saint George. This brave young man wounded the dragon with his magic sword. After the
princess was safe, George killed the dragon. There are many legends about dragons around
the world, so, many people have speculated that they are real.
What is the best title for the reading?
The Mythical Dra
Legends around the World
Saint George
A Legend from China
A. For questions 21-23
Myths and legends are stories that explain why the world is the way it is. All cultures
have them. These legends often contain strange creatures that do not exist. One such
creature is the dragon. Dragons are mentioned in legends from all over the world─ in
Europe, Asia, and Africa. The appearance of dragons differs from country to country.
European dragons have wings, but Chinese and Japanese dragons usually don’t. Chinese
dragons are often red, while English dragons are a green color. In particular, there is one
dragon legend that is very well known in England ─ the legend of Saint George and the
dragon. Hundreds of years ago, there was a dragon with huge wings and strong claws. It
breathed flames and poisonous smoke from its enormous nostrils. Every year, the dragon
came to the town. It was given a young girl to eat, to stop it from harming the town. One
year, a young princess was given to the dragon. However, she was able to escape thanks to
Saint George. This brave young man wounded the dragon with his magic sword. After the
princess was safe, George killed the dragon. There are many legends about dragons around
the world, so, many people have speculated that they are real.
In which country do people think dragons are red?
China
Japan
India
England
A. For questions 21-23
Myths and legends are stories that explain why the world is the way it is. All cultures
have them. These legends often contain strange creatures that do not exist. One such
creature is the dragon. Dragons are mentioned in legends from all over the world─ in
Europe, Asia, and Africa. The appearance of dragons differs from country to country.
European dragons have wings, but Chinese and Japanese dragons usually don’t. Chinese
dragons are often red, while English dragons are a green color. In particular, there is one
dragon legend that is very well known in England ─ the legend of Saint George and the
dragon. Hundreds of years ago, there was a dragon with huge wings and strong claws. It
breathed flames and poisonous smoke from its enormous nostrils. Every year, the dragon
came to the town. It was given a young girl to eat, to stop it from harming the town. One
year, a young princess was given to the dragon. However, she was able to escape thanks to
Saint George. This brave young man wounded the dragon with his magic sword. After the
princess was safe, George killed the dragon. There are many legends about dragons around
the world, so, many people have speculated that they are real.
According to the reading, which of the following statements is NOT true?
Many cultures have legends about dragons.
Some people believe that dragons really existed.
Japanese dragons have large wings.
Saint George killed a dragon.
For questions 24-26
When a small business fails, it’s stressful and upsetting. Filing bankruptcy is difficult,
but it helps to get rid of your debt, or to structure your debt payments so that you can
recover and get a fresh start. When you file for bankruptcy, the courts will contact your
creditors and order them to stop trying to collect their money from you. By filing
bankruptcy, you can get the financial relief that you need to start building up savings. After
some time, you can apply for new credit.
Obviously, bankruptcy is not easy or everyone would do it. The most negative aspect
will be your inability to get new credit. A bankruptcy may stay on your credit report for up
to ten years. If you are able to get a new loan or credit card, it will probably be at an
extremely high interest rate. Lenders will see you as a bad credit risk and, until you can
prove otherwise, you will have to pay more than other people to get and use credit. In the
end, however, your life should be back to normal.
What is the main idea of this passage?
Bankruptcy is one solution to debt, although it is not easy.
Bankruptcy is the easiest and best solution to debt.
Bankruptcy is hard and is not a good solution to debt.
Bankruptcy is common.
For questions 24-26
When a small business fails, it’s stressful and upsetting. Filing bankruptcy is difficult,
but it helps to get rid of your debt, or to structure your debt payments so that you can
recover and get a fresh start. When you file for bankruptcy, the courts will contact your
creditors and order them to stop trying to collect their money from you. By filing
bankruptcy, you can get the financial relief that you need to start building up savings. After
some time, you can apply for new credit.
Obviously, bankruptcy is not easy or everyone would do it. The most negative aspect
will be your inability to get new credit. A bankruptcy may stay on your credit report for up
to ten years. If you are able to get a new loan or credit card, it will probably be at an
extremely high interest rate. Lenders will see you as a bad credit risk and, until you can
prove otherwise, you will have to pay more than other people to get and use credit. In the
end, however, your life should be back to normal.
How does the passage characterize bankruptcy?
As failure
As easy
As bad
As relief
For questions 24-26
When a small business fails, it’s stressful and upsetting. Filing bankruptcy is difficult,
but it helps to get rid of your debt, or to structure your debt payments so that you can
recover and get a fresh start. When you file for bankruptcy, the courts will contact your
creditors and order them to stop trying to collect their money from you. By filing
bankruptcy, you can get the financial relief that you need to start building up savings. After
some time, you can apply for new credit.
Obviously, bankruptcy is not easy or everyone would do it. The most negative aspect
will be your inability to get new credit. A bankruptcy may stay on your credit report for up
to ten years. If you are able to get a new loan or credit card, it will probably be at an
extremely high interest rate. Lenders will see you as a bad credit risk and, until you can
prove otherwise, you will have to pay more than other people to get and use credit. In the
end, however, your life should be back to normal.
What can be inferred about the writer’s opinion of bankruptcy?
The writer thinks the disadvantages are greater than the advantages.
The writer thinks the advantages are greater than the disadvantages.
The writer thinks that it doesn’t matter.
The writer thinks that everyone should file for bankruptcy.
Toni Morrison is one of many Nobel Laureate and Pulitzer Prize winning authors. The
Pulitzer Prize is given to the finest authors in the world. Who was Pulitzer and why is this
name synonymous with quality writing?
In the latter years of the 19th century, Joseph Pulitzer stood out as the shining example
of American journalism. Born in Hungary, Pulitzer was an intense, strong, figure and a
highly skilled newspaper publisher. He was a passionate champion against dishonest
government and the friction it caused with the people. He was described as a fierce,
hawk-like competitor who was not afraid to make his stories sensational for the sake of
selling newspapers. Yet, he was also a visionary who richly furthered his profession.
Pulitzer owned two American newspapers called the New York World and the St.
Louis Post-Dispatch. These newspapers helped reshape newspaper journalism in America.
These papers were a catalyst for Pulitzer to call for the training of journalists at university
level in a school of journalism. This led to excellence in journalism training and to the
eventual Pulitzer Prizes for journalism.
The lasting influence of the Pulitzer Prizes on journalism, literature, music, and drama
can be attributed to his vision and intelligence. Upon his death, Pulitzer established the
Pulitzer Prizes as an incentive to excellence. Pulitzer specified four awards in journalism,
four in letters and drama, one for education, and four traveling scholarships.
What is the reason Pulitzer established the Pulitzer Prizes?
To carry on his name
As an incentive for excellence
In memory of his achievements
As an incentive to earn royalties
Toni Morrison is one of many Nobel Laureate and Pulitzer Prize winning authors. The
Pulitzer Prize is given to the finest authors in the world. Who was Pulitzer and why is this
name synonymous with quality writing?
In the latter years of the 19th century, Joseph Pulitzer stood out as the shining example
of American journalism. Born in Hungary, Pulitzer was an intense, strong, figure and a
highly skilled newspaper publisher. He was a passionate champion against dishonest
government and the friction it caused with the people. He was described as a fierce,
hawk-like competitor who was not afraid to make his stories sensational for the sake of
selling newspapers. Yet, he was also a visionary who richly furthered his profession.
Pulitzer owned two American newspapers called the New York World and the St.
Louis Post-Dispatch. These newspapers helped reshape newspaper journalism in America.
These papers were a catalyst for Pulitzer to call for the training of journalists at university
level in a school of journalism. This led to excellence in journalism training and to the
eventual Pulitzer Prizes for journalism.
The lasting influence of the Pulitzer Prizes on journalism, literature, music, and drama
can be attributed to his vision and intelligence. Upon his death, Pulitzer established the
Pulitzer Prizes as an incentive to excellence. Pulitzer specified four awards in journalism,
four in letters and drama, one for education, and four traveling scholarships.
Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
Pulitzer specified four awards in journalism.
Pulitzer was the most skilled newspaper publisher in the world.
Pulitzer was the shining example of journalism in the late 19th century.
Pulitzer called for the training of journalists.
Toni Morrison is one of many Nobel Laureate and Pulitzer Prize winning authors. The
Pulitzer Prize is given to the finest authors in the world. Who was Pulitzer and why is this
name synonymous with quality writing?
In the latter years of the 19th century, Joseph Pulitzer stood out as the shining example
of American journalism. Born in Hungary, Pulitzer was an intense, strong, figure and a
highly skilled newspaper publisher. He was a passionate champion against dishonest
government and the friction it caused with the people. He was described as a fierce,
hawk-like competitor who was not afraid to make his stories sensational for the sake of
selling newspapers. Yet, he was also a visionary who richly furthered his profession.
Pulitzer owned two American newspapers called the New York World and the St.
Louis Post-Dispatch. These newspapers helped reshape newspaper journalism in America.
These papers were a catalyst for Pulitzer to call for the training of journalists at university
level in a school of journalism. This led to excellence in journalism training and to the
eventual Pulitzer Prizes for journalism.
The lasting influence of the Pulitzer Prizes on journalism, literature, music, and drama
can be attributed to his vision and intelligence. Upon his death, Pulitzer established the
Pulitzer Prizes as an incentive to excellence. Pulitzer specified four awards in journalism,
four in letters and drama, one for education, and four traveling scholarships.
What does the third paragraph mainly discuss?
The New York World and St. Louis Post-Dispatch newspapers
Pulitzer’s attitude towards journalism
The influence Pulitzer’s newspapers had on American culture
Pulitzer’s attempts to bring about change in the way newspapers were written
Toni Morrison is one of many Nobel Laureate and Pulitzer Prize winning authors. The
Pulitzer Prize is given to the finest authors in the world. Who was Pulitzer and why is this
name synonymous with quality writing?
In the latter years of the 19th century, Joseph Pulitzer stood out as the shining example
of American journalism. Born in Hungary, Pulitzer was an intense, strong, figure and a
highly skilled newspaper publisher. He was a passionate champion against dishonest
government and the friction it caused with the people. He was described as a fierce,
hawk-like competitor who was not afraid to make his stories sensational for the sake of
selling newspapers. Yet, he was also a visionary who richly furthered his profession.
Pulitzer owned two American newspapers called the New York World and the St.
Louis Post-Dispatch. These newspapers helped reshape newspaper journalism in America.
These papers were a catalyst for Pulitzer to call for the training of journalists at university
level in a school of journalism. This led to excellence in journalism training and to the
eventual Pulitzer Prizes for journalism.
The lasting influence of the Pulitzer Prizes on journalism, literature, music, and drama
can be attributed to his vision and intelligence. Upon his death, Pulitzer established the
Pulitzer Prizes as an incentive to excellence. Pulitzer specified four awards in journalism,
four in letters and drama, one for education, and four traveling scholarships.
What can be inferred from the passage?
Pulitzer was a lazy, arrogant man
Pulitzer enjoyed his fame as a publisher
Pulitzer was a poor immigrant from Hungary
Pulitzer had a huge influence on journalism and literature
We humans are defined and fascinated by our languages. Especially intriguing are the
1,200 or so languages of the Austronesian language family, possibly the largest family
among the 6,000 languages of the modern world. Until the European colonial expansion
spread Indo-European languages far and wide after AD 1492, Austronesian was the most
widely distributed family, spoken across a realm spanning 26,000 km from Madagascar in
the west to Easter Island in the east.
Austronesian history has been difficult to reconstruct, however, because there are no
preserved samples of writing in any Austronesian language until about AD 670, by which
time the family’s expansion was nearly complete. A reanalysis of Austronesian languages
by Robert Blust strengthens the identification of the first Austronesian waystation,
illuminates archaeological findings and the history of boatbuilding and may help reinterpret
the histories of other language families.
Blust’s analysis yields an astonishing pattern. Those 1,200 Austronesian languages fall
into ten subgroups, of which nine (containing only 26 languages) are spoken only by the
non-Chinese aborigines of the island of Taiwan. The tenth subgroup encompasses all
Austronesian languages outside Taiwan, from Madagascar to east Polynesia — all 1,174 of
them. It is as if the Indo-European language family consisted of 1,174 closely related Slavic
languages, spoken from Britain to Sri Lanka, with all nine other Indo-European language
groups — Germanic, Celtic, Hittite, Italic and the rest of them — being confined to Ireland.
Previous studies had recognized several distinctive Austronesian language groups on
Taiwan, but it had not been appreciated that the number was so high.
How do language families differentiate? With time, languages change, and dialects
that at first are mutually intelligible gradually become more and more distinct. So it seems
that the early diversification of existing Austronesian languages must have taken place long
ago on Taiwan. Eventually, just one group of Taiwanese emigrated to other islands, and
their descendants in turn emigrated to still other islands, to become ancestral to all living
Austronesian peoples outside Taiwan.
(Excerpted from “Taiwan’s gift to the world” by Jared M. Diamond, Nature 403: pp.
709-710, Macmillan Magazines Ltd, February 17, 2000)
Before AD 1492, which was the most widely distributed language family in the world?
Indo-European
Sino-Tibetan
Dravidian
Austronesian
We humans are defined and fascinated by our languages. Especially intriguing are the
1,200 or so languages of the Austronesian language family, possibly the largest family
among the 6,000 languages of the modern world. Until the European colonial expansion
spread Indo-European languages far and wide after AD 1492, Austronesian was the most
widely distributed family, spoken across a realm spanning 26,000 km from Madagascar in
the west to Easter Island in the east.
Austronesian history has been difficult to reconstruct, however, because there are no
preserved samples of writing in any Austronesian language until about AD 670, by which
time the family’s expansion was nearly complete. A reanalysis of Austronesian languages
by Robert Blust strengthens the identification of the first Austronesian waystation,
illuminates archaeological findings and the history of boatbuilding and may help reinterpret
the histories of other language families.
Blust’s analysis yields an astonishing pattern. Those 1,200 Austronesian languages fall
into ten subgroups, of which nine (containing only 26 languages) are spoken only by the
non-Chinese aborigines of the island of Taiwan. The tenth subgroup encompasses all
Austronesian languages outside Taiwan, from Madagascar to east Polynesia — all 1,174 of
them. It is as if the Indo-European language family consisted of 1,174 closely related Slavic
languages, spoken from Britain to Sri Lanka, with all nine other Indo-European language
groups — Germanic, Celtic, Hittite, Italic and the rest of them — being confined to Ireland.
Previous studies had recognized several distinctive Austronesian language groups on
Taiwan, but it had not been appreciated that the number was so high.
How do language families differentiate? With time, languages change, and dialects
that at first are mutually intelligible gradually become more and more distinct. So it seems
that the early diversification of existing Austronesian languages must have taken place long
ago on Taiwan. Eventually, just one group of Taiwanese emigrated to other islands, and
their descendants in turn emigrated to still other islands, to become ancestral to all living
Austronesian peoples outside Taiwan.
(Excerpted from “Taiwan’s gift to the world” by Jared M. Diamond, Nature 403: pp.
709-710, Macmillan Magazines Ltd, February 17, 2000)
How many languages are there in the Austronesian language family?
6,000
1,200
1174
26
We humans are defined and fascinated by our languages. Especially intriguing are the
1,200 or so languages of the Austronesian language family, possibly the largest family
among the 6,000 languages of the modern world. Until the European colonial expansion
spread Indo-European languages far and wide after AD 1492, Austronesian was the most
widely distributed family, spoken across a realm spanning 26,000 km from Madagascar in
the west to Easter Island in the east.
Austronesian history has been difficult to reconstruct, however, because there are no
preserved samples of writing in any Austronesian language until about AD 670, by which
time the family’s expansion was nearly complete. A reanalysis of Austronesian languages
by Robert Blust strengthens the identification of the first Austronesian waystation,
illuminates archaeological findings and the history of boatbuilding and may help reinterpret
the histories of other language families.
Blust’s analysis yields an astonishing pattern. Those 1,200 Austronesian languages fall
into ten subgroups, of which nine (containing only 26 languages) are spoken only by the
non-Chinese aborigines of the island of Taiwan. The tenth subgroup encompasses all
Austronesian languages outside Taiwan, from Madagascar to east Polynesia — all 1,174 of
them. It is as if the Indo-European language family consisted of 1,174 closely related Slavic
languages, spoken from Britain to Sri Lanka, with all nine other Indo-European language
groups — Germanic, Celtic, Hittite, Italic and the rest of them — being confined to Ireland.
Previous studies had recognized several distinctive Austronesian language groups on
Taiwan, but it had not been appreciated that the number was so high.
How do language families differentiate? With time, languages change, and dialects
that at first are mutually intelligible gradually become more and more distinct. So it seems
that the early diversification of existing Austronesian languages must have taken place long
ago on Taiwan. Eventually, just one group of Taiwanese emigrated to other islands, and
their descendants in turn emigrated to still other islands, to become ancestral to all living
Austronesian peoples outside Taiwan.
(Excerpted from “Taiwan’s gift to the world” by Jared M. Diamond, Nature 403: pp.
709-710, Macmillan Magazines Ltd, February 17, 2000)
According to the article, Austronesian languages originated from
Madagascar
Easter Island
Taiwan
East Polynesia
We humans are defined and fascinated by our languages. Especially intriguing are the
1,200 or so languages of the Austronesian language family, possibly the largest family
among the 6,000 languages of the modern world. Until the European colonial expansion
spread Indo-European languages far and wide after AD 1492, Austronesian was the most
widely distributed family, spoken across a realm spanning 26,000 km from Madagascar in
the west to Easter Island in the east.
Austronesian history has been difficult to reconstruct, however, because there are no
preserved samples of writing in any Austronesian language until about AD 670, by which
time the family’s expansion was nearly complete. A reanalysis of Austronesian languages
by Robert Blust strengthens the identification of the first Austronesian waystation,
illuminates archaeological findings and the history of boatbuilding and may help reinterpret
the histories of other language families.
Blust’s analysis yields an astonishing pattern. Those 1,200 Austronesian languages fall
into ten subgroups, of which nine (containing only 26 languages) are spoken only by the
non-Chinese aborigines of the island of Taiwan. The tenth subgroup encompasses all
Austronesian languages outside Taiwan, from Madagascar to east Polynesia — all 1,174 of
them. It is as if the Indo-European language family consisted of 1,174 closely related Slavic
languages, spoken from Britain to Sri Lanka, with all nine other Indo-European language
groups — Germanic, Celtic, Hittite, Italic and the rest of them — being confined to Ireland.
Previous studies had recognized several distinctive Austronesian language groups on
Taiwan, but it had not been appreciated that the number was so high.
How do language families differentiate? With time, languages change, and dialects
that at first are mutually intelligible gradually become more and more distinct. So it seems
that the early diversification of existing Austronesian languages must have taken place long
ago on Taiwan. Eventually, just one group of Taiwanese emigrated to other islands, and
their descendants in turn emigrated to still other islands, to become ancestral to all living
Austronesian peoples outside Taiwan.
(Excerpted from “Taiwan’s gift to the world” by Jared M. Diamond, Nature 403: pp.
709-710, Macmillan Magazines Ltd, February 17, 2000)
The reason behind Blust’s analysis is
The Austronesian languages found in Taiwan are related to Slavic languages
spoken in Britain and Sri Lanka.
The diversity of Austronesian languages found in Taiwan is much wider than that
in other regions.
The weather in Taiwan is much warmer than that in Germany and Ireland.
Non-Chinese aborigines in Taiwan can speak Germanic, Celtic, Hittite, and Italic
languages.
We humans are defined and fascinated by our languages. Especially intriguing are the
1,200 or so languages of the Austronesian language family, possibly the largest family
among the 6,000 languages of the modern world. Until the European colonial expansion
spread Indo-European languages far and wide after AD 1492, Austronesian was the most
widely distributed family, spoken across a realm spanning 26,000 km from Madagascar in
the west to Easter Island in the east.
Austronesian history has been difficult to reconstruct, however, because there are no
preserved samples of writing in any Austronesian language until about AD 670, by which
time the family’s expansion was nearly complete. A reanalysis of Austronesian languages
by Robert Blust strengthens the identification of the first Austronesian waystation,
illuminates archaeological findings and the history of boatbuilding and may help reinterpret
the histories of other language families.
Blust’s analysis yields an astonishing pattern. Those 1,200 Austronesian languages fall
into ten subgroups, of which nine (containing only 26 languages) are spoken only by the
non-Chinese aborigines of the island of Taiwan. The tenth subgroup encompasses all
Austronesian languages outside Taiwan, from Madagascar to east Polynesia — all 1,174 of
them. It is as if the Indo-European language family consisted of 1,174 closely related Slavic
languages, spoken from Britain to Sri Lanka, with all nine other Indo-European language
groups — Germanic, Celtic, Hittite, Italic and the rest of them — being confined to Ireland.
Previous studies had recognized several distinctive Austronesian language groups on
Taiwan, but it had not been appreciated that the number was so high.
How do language families differentiate? With time, languages change, and dialects
that at first are mutually intelligible gradually become more and more distinct. So it seems
that the early diversification of existing Austronesian languages must have taken place long
ago on Taiwan. Eventually, just one group of Taiwanese emigrated to other islands, and
their descendants in turn emigrated to still other islands, to become ancestral to all living
Austronesian peoples outside Taiwan.
(Excerpted from “Taiwan’s gift to the world” by Jared M. Diamond, Nature 403: pp.
709-710, Macmillan Magazines Ltd, February 17, 2000)
Which of the following is the most appropriate title for this article?
Home of the Austronesian Languages
Madagascar and the Austronesian Languages
China as a member in the International Community
When East Meets West
People throughout history have sought to categorize themselves and each other. For
example, Hippocrates (406-377B.C.) and Aristotle (384-322B.C.) attempted to classify
personalities according to bodily humors and blood. According to social scientists, this
recurring desire stems from an urge to define the self and others in specific social and
cultural roles. In 1930, Tokeji Furukawa contributed to the classification efforts by
choosing blood as a physiological classification characteristic; Furukawa’s assertions
caused an impact that would shape the next eighty years of popular Japanese culture.
Furukawa’s research claimed that individual blood types—A, B, O, and AB—reflected
the personalities of those who carried them. Using questionnaires but providing no controls
or statistical tests, Furukawa presented intricate behavioral charts defining the various
blood types and concluded that a correlation between blood types and personality exists. As
the study lacked empirical evidence, in 1936 G. N. Thomson refuted Furukawa’s arguments
but was followed by a wave of pro- and anti-counter arguments throughout the 1960s and
1970s. In the 1970s numerous books revived public interest in the subject, peaking in
1984-1985 with a total of 204 publications discussing the link between blood type and
personality. From this foundation, blood type categorization, or ketsueki-gata, firmly
established itself into Japanese culture.
Ketsueki-gata permeates numerous levels of Japanese society, from romance to work.
Appearing in a 1990 issue of Asahi Daily, a Japanese national newspaper, Mitsubishi
Electronics announced that a team composed entirely of AB type workers had been selected
because of "their ability to make plans." Similarly, kindergarten classrooms are sometimes
divided into blood types so that individual teaching techniques can be tailored to blood
group personalities. In romance, things become even more complex; young Japanese
commonly exchange blood types upon first meeting, thus providing a supposed valuable
source of insight into the other person. Popular Japanese women’s magazines combine
blood types with the western zodiac signs, additionally synched to four elements (air, earth,
water, fire), producing "Love Biorhythm Graphs." Meshing 16 different female types with
16 different male types, a chart providing 256 fortunes for "You and your boyfriend’s love
compatibility" allows a woman to assess a mate’s inherent compatibility and strategize
accordingly.
In addition to revealing personality, explanations for ordinary illnesses can be divined
through blood types. Popular publications from drug stores and health magazines discuss
self-diagnosis through a reader’s blood type, including propensities towards certain types of
medical maladies associated with blood types. Using blood types as a means of diagnosis
and treatment harkens back to the original Chinese medical influence in Japan that lacked
an emphasis on actual disease. The Chinese historically blamed diseases on an imbalance of
bodily energies and substances, thus perpetuating the concept of ketsueki-gata by
grounding it in a historic cultural context.
(Excerpted from “You are what you bleed: In Japan and other east Asian countries some
believe blood type dictates personality” by Rachel Nuwer, Scientific American, February 15,
2011)
According to Furukawa, which of the following statements is correct?
Statistically, most Japanese in 1930 had the blood type AB.
There are totally 256 fortunes based on 16 different female types with 16 different
male types.
There is a correlation between blood types and personality.
The theories of Hippocrates and Aristotle are correct.
People throughout history have sought to categorize themselves and each other. For
example, Hippocrates (406-377B.C.) and Aristotle (384-322B.C.) attempted to classify
personalities according to bodily humors and blood. According to social scientists, this
recurring desire stems from an urge to define the self and others in specific social and
cultural roles. In 1930, Tokeji Furukawa contributed to the classification efforts by
choosing blood as a physiological classification characteristic; Furukawa’s assertions
caused an impact that would shape the next eighty years of popular Japanese culture.
Furukawa’s research claimed that individual blood types—A, B, O, and AB—reflected
the personalities of those who carried them. Using questionnaires but providing no controls
or statistical tests, Furukawa presented intricate behavioral charts defining the various
blood types and concluded that a correlation between blood types and personality exists. As
the study lacked empirical evidence, in 1936 G. N. Thomson refuted Furukawa’s arguments
but was followed by a wave of pro- and anti-counter arguments throughout the 1960s and
1970s. In the 1970s numerous books revived public interest in the subject, peaking in
1984-1985 with a total of 204 publications discussing the link between blood type and
personality. From this foundation, blood type categorization, or ketsueki-gata, firmly
established itself into Japanese culture.
Ketsueki-gata permeates numerous levels of Japanese society, from romance to work.
Appearing in a 1990 issue of Asahi Daily, a Japanese national newspaper, Mitsubishi
Electronics announced that a team composed entirely of AB type workers had been selected
because of "their ability to make plans." Similarly, kindergarten classrooms are sometimes
divided into blood types so that individual teaching techniques can be tailored to blood
group personalities. In romance, things become even more complex; young Japanese
commonly exchange blood types upon first meeting, thus providing a supposed valuable
source of insight into the other person. Popular Japanese women’s magazines combine
blood types with the western zodiac signs, additionally synched to four elements (air, earth,
water, fire), producing "Love Biorhythm Graphs." Meshing 16 different female types with
16 different male types, a chart providing 256 fortunes for "You and your boyfriend’s love
compatibility" allows a woman to assess a mate’s inherent compatibility and strategize
accordingly.
In addition to revealing personality, explanations for ordinary illnesses can be divined
through blood types. Popular publications from drug stores and health magazines discuss
self-diagnosis through a reader’s blood type, including propensities towards certain types of
medical maladies associated with blood types. Using blood types as a means of diagnosis
and treatment harkens back to the original Chinese medical influence in Japan that lacked
an emphasis on actual disease. The Chinese historically blamed diseases on an imbalance of
bodily energies and substances, thus perpetuating the concept of ketsueki-gata by
grounding it in a historic cultural context.
(Excerpted from “You are what you bleed: In Japan and other east Asian countries some
believe blood type dictates personality” by Rachel Nuwer, Scientific American, February 15,
2011)
Which of the following statements is true?
The four elements (air, earth, water and fire) are mapped to the four blood types
(A, B, O and AB) in popular culture in Japan.
Ketsueki-gata is influential in some levels of Japanese society.
The research on the relation of blood type and personality originated in China and
did not spread to Japan until 1930.
In 1936, G. N. Thomson claimed that Furukawa’s arguments were correct.
People throughout history have sought to categorize themselves and each other. For
example, Hippocrates (406-377B.C.) and Aristotle (384-322B.C.) attempted to classify
personalities according to bodily humors and blood. According to social scientists, this
recurring desire stems from an urge to define the self and others in specific social and
cultural roles. In 1930, Tokeji Furukawa contributed to the classification efforts by
choosing blood as a physiological classification characteristic; Furukawa’s assertions
caused an impact that would shape the next eighty years of popular Japanese culture.
Furukawa’s research claimed that individual blood types—A, B, O, and AB—reflected
the personalities of those who carried them. Using questionnaires but providing no controls
or statistical tests, Furukawa presented intricate behavioral charts defining the various
blood types and concluded that a correlation between blood types and personality exists. As
the study lacked empirical evidence, in 1936 G. N. Thomson refuted Furukawa’s arguments
but was followed by a wave of pro- and anti-counter arguments throughout the 1960s and
1970s. In the 1970s numerous books revived public interest in the subject, peaking in
1984-1985 with a total of 204 publications discussing the link between blood type and
personality. From this foundation, blood type categorization, or ketsueki-gata, firmly
established itself into Japanese culture.
Ketsueki-gata permeates numerous levels of Japanese society, from romance to work.
Appearing in a 1990 issue of Asahi Daily, a Japanese national newspaper, Mitsubishi
Electronics announced that a team composed entirely of AB type workers had been selected
because of "their ability to make plans." Similarly, kindergarten classrooms are sometimes
divided into blood types so that individual teaching techniques can be tailored to blood
group personalities. In romance, things become even more complex; young Japanese
commonly exchange blood types upon first meeting, thus providing a supposed valuable
source of insight into the other person. Popular Japanese women’s magazines combine
blood types with the western zodiac signs, additionally synched to four elements (air, earth,
water, fire), producing "Love Biorhythm Graphs." Meshing 16 different female types with
16 different male types, a chart providing 256 fortunes for "You and your boyfriend’s love
compatibility" allows a woman to assess a mate’s inherent compatibility and strategize
accordingly.
In addition to revealing personality, explanations for ordinary illnesses can be divined
through blood types. Popular publications from drug stores and health magazines discuss
self-diagnosis through a reader’s blood type, including propensities towards certain types of
medical maladies associated with blood types. Using blood types as a means of diagnosis
and treatment harkens back to the original Chinese medical influence in Japan that lacked
an emphasis on actual disease. The Chinese historically blamed diseases on an imbalance of
bodily energies and substances, thus perpetuating the concept of ketsueki-gata by
grounding it in a historic cultural context.
(Excerpted from “You are what you bleed: In Japan and other east Asian countries some
believe blood type dictates personality” by Rachel Nuwer, Scientific American, February 15,
2011)
Traditionally, the Chinese people believed that:
Blood types and zodiac signs are both significant in determining personality.
The treatment of some diseases depends on the doctor’s blood type.
It is the imbalance of bodily energies and substances that determines a person’s blood type.
Certain illnesses are connected with certain blood types.
People throughout history have sought to categorize themselves and each other. For
example, Hippocrates (406-377B.C.) and Aristotle (384-322B.C.) attempted to classify
personalities according to bodily humors and blood. According to social scientists, this
recurring desire stems from an urge to define the self and others in specific social and
cultural roles. In 1930, Tokeji Furukawa contributed to the classification efforts by
choosing blood as a physiological classification characteristic; Furukawa’s assertions
caused an impact that would shape the next eighty years of popular Japanese culture.
Furukawa’s research claimed that individual blood types—A, B, O, and AB—reflected
the personalities of those who carried them. Using questionnaires but providing no controls
or statistical tests, Furukawa presented intricate behavioral charts defining the various
blood types and concluded that a correlation between blood types and personality exists. As
the study lacked empirical evidence, in 1936 G. N. Thomson refuted Furukawa’s arguments
but was followed by a wave of pro- and anti-counter arguments throughout the 1960s and
1970s. In the 1970s numerous books revived public interest in the subject, peaking in
1984-1985 with a total of 204 publications discussing the link between blood type and
personality. From this foundation, blood type categorization, or ketsueki-gata, firmly
established itself into Japanese culture.
Ketsueki-gata permeates numerous levels of Japanese society, from romance to work.
Appearing in a 1990 issue of Asahi Daily, a Japanese national newspaper, Mitsubishi
Electronics announced that a team composed entirely of AB type workers had been selected
because of "their ability to make plans." Similarly, kindergarten classrooms are sometimes
divided into blood types so that individual teaching techniques can be tailored to blood
group personalities. In romance, things become even more complex; young Japanese
commonly exchange blood types upon first meeting, thus providing a supposed valuable
source of insight into the other person. Popular Japanese women’s magazines combine
blood types with the western zodiac signs, additionally synched to four elements (air, earth,
water, fire), producing "Love Biorhythm Graphs." Meshing 16 different female types with
16 different male types, a chart providing 256 fortunes for "You and your boyfriend’s love
compatibility" allows a woman to assess a mate’s inherent compatibility and strategize
accordingly.
In addition to revealing personality, explanations for ordinary illnesses can be divined
through blood types. Popular publications from drug stores and health magazines discuss
self-diagnosis through a reader’s blood type, including propensities towards certain types of
medical maladies associated with blood types. Using blood types as a means of diagnosis
and treatment harkens back to the original Chinese medical influence in Japan that lacked
an emphasis on actual disease. The Chinese historically blamed diseases on an imbalance of
bodily energies and substances, thus perpetuating the concept of ketsueki-gata by
grounding it in a historic cultural context.
(Excerpted from “You are what you bleed: In Japan and other east Asian countries some
believe blood type dictates personality” by Rachel Nuwer, Scientific American, February 15,
2011)
What does the word propensity possibly mean?
adversity
tendency
intimacy
democracy
People throughout history have sought to categorize themselves and each other. For
example, Hippocrates (406-377B.C.) and Aristotle (384-322B.C.) attempted to classify
personalities according to bodily humors and blood. According to social scientists, this
recurring desire stems from an urge to define the self and others in specific social and
cultural roles. In 1930, Tokeji Furukawa contributed to the classification efforts by
choosing blood as a physiological classification characteristic; Furukawa’s assertions
caused an impact that would shape the next eighty years of popular Japanese culture.
Furukawa’s research claimed that individual blood types—A, B, O, and AB—reflected
the personalities of those who carried them. Using questionnaires but providing no controls
or statistical tests, Furukawa presented intricate behavioral charts defining the various
blood types and concluded that a correlation between blood types and personality exists. As
the study lacked empirical evidence, in 1936 G. N. Thomson refuted Furukawa’s arguments
but was followed by a wave of pro- and anti-counter arguments throughout the 1960s and
1970s. In the 1970s numerous books revived public interest in the subject, peaking in
1984-1985 with a total of 204 publications discussing the link between blood type and
personality. From this foundation, blood type categorization, or ketsueki-gata, firmly
established itself into Japanese culture.
Ketsueki-gata permeates numerous levels of Japanese society, from romance to work.
Appearing in a 1990 issue of Asahi Daily, a Japanese national newspaper, Mitsubishi
Electronics announced that a team composed entirely of AB type workers had been selected
because of "their ability to make plans." Similarly, kindergarten classrooms are sometimes
divided into blood types so that individual teaching techniques can be tailored to blood
group personalities. In romance, things become even more complex; young Japanese
commonly exchange blood types upon first meeting, thus providing a supposed valuable
source of insight into the other person. Popular Japanese women’s magazines combine
blood types with the western zodiac signs, additionally synched to four elements (air, earth,
water, fire), producing "Love Biorhythm Graphs." Meshing 16 different female types with
16 different male types, a chart providing 256 fortunes for "You and your boyfriend’s love
compatibility" allows a woman to assess a mate’s inherent compatibility and strategize
accordingly.
In addition to revealing personality, explanations for ordinary illnesses can be divined
through blood types. Popular publications from drug stores and health magazines discuss
self-diagnosis through a reader’s blood type, including propensities towards certain types of
medical maladies associated with blood types. Using blood types as a means of diagnosis
and treatment harkens back to the original Chinese medical influence in Japan that lacked
an emphasis on actual disease. The Chinese historically blamed diseases on an imbalance of
bodily energies and substances, thus perpetuating the concept of ketsueki-gata by
grounding it in a historic cultural context.
(Excerpted from “You are what you bleed: In Japan and other east Asian countries some
believe blood type dictates personality” by Rachel Nuwer, Scientific American, February 15,
2011)
Why do young Japanese commonly exchange blood types upon first meeting?
They don’t want to get infected.
They believe that blood types reveal personality.
They want to make sure that nothing may go wrong during blood transfusion.
They want to help each other fight their own diseases.
Translation: For questions 1 and 2, translate the sentences into Chinese . For
question 3 and 4, translate the sentences into English.
1.Taste is the faculty of judging of an object or a method of representing it by an entirely
disinterested satisfaction or dissatisfaction. The object of such satisfaction is called
beautiful. (Immanuel Kant)
Translation: For questions 1 and 2, translate the sentences into Chinese . For
question 3 and 4, translate the sentences into English.
2.The whole problem with the world is that fools and fanatics are always so certain of
themselves, but wiser people so full of doubts. (Bertrand Russell)
Translation: For questions 1 and 2, translate the sentences into Chinese . For
question 3 and 4, translate the sentences into English.
3.創世之初只存在可能性,有人觀察到時,宇宙才成形。
Translation: For questions 1 and 2, translate the sentences into Chinese . For
question 3 and 4, translate the sentences into English.
4.台灣過去平均每年因為車禍死亡的人數高達七千人。
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