Vocabulary: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
It is considered to copy another person’s words or ideas and claim those
words or ideas as your own.
hilarious
fragile
superstitious
unethical
Vocabulary: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
The young man stole the money from an old lady in a moment of .
aberration
conformity
anecdote
sanity
Vocabulary: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
Throughout Darrell Gulin’s life, he has made great effort to increase the well-being of
humankind so he will be remembered for this
defendent
suspicion
philanthropy
fidelity
Vocabulary: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
After taking dictation in shorthand, John immediately his notes on the word
processor.
commiserated
obssessed
transcribed
presided
Vocabulary: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
Farmers who grow organic produce and meat don’t use methods to fertilize,
control weeds or prevent livestock disease.
conventional
voluntary
deliberate
demographic
Vocabulary: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
Paul made a flower arrangement for the center of the table.
gourmet
symmetrical
absorbent
whisker
Vocabulary: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
The child was , having learned to read at four.
ingeneous
precocious
compassionate
benovelent
Vocabulary: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
It is quite common for employers/companies to ask their employees to sign a
Agreement as a condition of employment.
malicious
heterogeneous
confidential
pathetic
Vocabulary: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
Before beginning our study of the novel, we read a of it.
misnomer
synoposis
dearth
circumlocution
Vocabulary: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
The doctor gave Jessie some medicine to her pain and she felt much better
afterwards.
emulate
revive
agument
abate
Grammar: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
I would never feel safe and comfortable on a plane if .
I know it’s the pilot’s maiden trip
I would know that it’s the pilot’s maiden trip
I have known it’s the pilot’s maiden trip
I knew it’s the pilot’s maiden trip
Grammar: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
The police in charge of the investigation asked .
their names the four witness
the four witnesses of their names
the four witnesses their names
to the two witnesses their names
Grammar: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
Andrea promoted soon. After all, her mother is the executive director.
is meaning to
is meant to get
is bounding to get
is bound to get
Grammar: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
The City Mayor was asked what to do about the city crime and population.
he intended
intended he
did he intend
he did intend
Grammar: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
By the end of the seminar, there was still no real agreement the primary cause
of the incident was.
as
what
as to what
what as to
Grammar: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
The salesman expected that he would present his product at the meeting, time
for him to show his slide presentation, and that prospective buyers would ask him
questions.
that there is
that there will be
that there would be
that there can be
Grammar: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
Thunder occurs as through air, causing the heated air to expand and collide
with layers of cooler air.
an electrical charge passes
an electrical charge
the passing of an electrical charge
passes an electrical charge
Grammar: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
World War II, which resulted in the death of over 70 million individuals, proved to be the
deadliest conflict in human history, claiming nearly twice as many .
lives than would be killed in World War I
lives as World War I
lives than those who were killed in World War I
lives than World War I
Grammar: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
According to a recent Sociology study, financial problems, combined with other serious
social issues, .
ranks as one of the high causes of marital stress in Taiwan
rank as one of the leading causes of marital stress in Taiwan
ranks as one of the leading causes of marital stress in Taiwan
rank as one of the most high causes of marital stress in Taiwan
Grammar: Choose the most appropriate word to fill in the blank
The writing of Ernest Hemingway has inspired and captivated numerous individuals,
fundamentally of man searching for absolute values in Mother Nature.
because it conveys the moving inner-journey
because of their conveying the moving inner-journey
due to that it conveys the moving inner-journey
the reason that it conveys the moving inner-journey
Reading comprehension
(A)For questions 1-3
The word “budget” often implies something made cheaply, without concern for its quality.
Budget airlines constantly fight against this perception. Budget airlines are no less safe than
any other airlines. Budget airlines know that cutting corners on safety could completely ruin
their business. Some of their cost-cutting measures even increase safety, such as the reliance on
one type of aircraft across the fleet. One of the oldest budget carriers, Southwest, has never had
a major crash or passenger fatality.
That’s not to say that all budget airlines are inherently safer than other airlines. Indonesian
budget airlines Adam Air was shut down in 2008 due to safety concerns after a series of
accidents. A DC-9 flown by budget airline ValuJet crashed in the Florida Everglades, killing
everyone aboard in 1996. It should be noted that it wasn’t mechanical error or the pilot’s fault
that brought down ValuJet Flight 592. Financial problems related to the crash drove ValuJet
out of business and ValuJet was eventually forced to be merged with another airline.
Plane crashes happen. Most airlines suffer from safety problems and budget airlines aren’t
more susceptible to them than other airlines. Therefore, all airlines including budget airlines
endeavor to have flawless safety records rather than considering any compromise on safety in
order to cut costs.
What is the best title for this article?
budget airlines’ operating expenses
flight experience via budget airlines
budget airlines’ safety issue
history of budget airlines
Reading comprehension
(A)For questions 1-3
The word “budget” often implies something made cheaply, without concern for its quality.
Budget airlines constantly fight against this perception. Budget airlines are no less safe than
any other airlines. Budget airlines know that cutting corners on safety could completely ruin
their business. Some of their cost-cutting measures even increase safety, such as the reliance on
one type of aircraft across the fleet. One of the oldest budget carriers, Southwest, has never had
a major crash or passenger fatality.
That’s not to say that all budget airlines are inherently safer than other airlines. Indonesian
budget airlines Adam Air was shut down in 2008 due to safety concerns after a series of
accidents. A DC-9 flown by budget airline ValuJet crashed in the Florida Everglades, killing
everyone aboard in 1996. It should be noted that it wasn’t mechanical error or the pilot’s fault
that brought down ValuJet Flight 592. Financial problems related to the crash drove ValuJet
out of business and ValuJet was eventually forced to be merged with another airline.
Plane crashes happen. Most airlines suffer from safety problems and budget airlines aren’t
more susceptible to them than other airlines. Therefore, all airlines including budget airlines
endeavor to have flawless safety records rather than considering any compromise on safety in
order to cut costs.
According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE?
Adam Air is well-known for its zero failure.
ValuJet’s uses only one kind of plane to cut its cost.
The Southwest’s flight crashed due to the pilot’s fault.
All passages died in the DC-9’s crash.
Reading comprehension
(A)For questions 1-3
The word “budget” often implies something made cheaply, without concern for its quality.
Budget airlines constantly fight against this perception. Budget airlines are no less safe than
any other airlines. Budget airlines know that cutting corners on safety could completely ruin
their business. Some of their cost-cutting measures even increase safety, such as the reliance on
one type of aircraft across the fleet. One of the oldest budget carriers, Southwest, has never had
a major crash or passenger fatality.
That’s not to say that all budget airlines are inherently safer than other airlines. Indonesian
budget airlines Adam Air was shut down in 2008 due to safety concerns after a series of
accidents. A DC-9 flown by budget airline ValuJet crashed in the Florida Everglades, killing
everyone aboard in 1996. It should be noted that it wasn’t mechanical error or the pilot’s fault
that brought down ValuJet Flight 592. Financial problems related to the crash drove ValuJet
out of business and ValuJet was eventually forced to be merged with another airline.
Plane crashes happen. Most airlines suffer from safety problems and budget airlines aren’t
more susceptible to them than other airlines. Therefore, all airlines including budget airlines
endeavor to have flawless safety records rather than considering any compromise on safety in
order to cut costs.
What does “susceptible” in Paragraph 3 mean?
perfunctory
vulnerable
solicitous
arbitrary
A study based on a year-long analysis of data from an extensive mobile phone network
has produced interesting information that might be of use to epidemiologists and social
scientists. The data, according to the researchers, might shed light, for example, on how
diseases and information are transmitted through social networks.
Researchers ranked the link between a pair of phone users on the basis of the total time
spent talking to each other. “Strong” links exist between members of a close social group.
“Weak” links tend to be more long range and join individuals from different social groups.
The researchers observed a dramatically different effect when they removed links in the
network in rank order, depending on whether they removed links starting with the strongest or
with the weakest. To their surprise, removing the strong links first had little effect on the
overall structure of the network. But removing weak links first split the network into a series of
unconnected islands, with individual users linked to a small collection of other phone users.
Thus the researchers have hypothesized that the weak links (the more tenuous connections
between individuals from different social groups) might be very important in maintaining
wider social cohesion. If you lose contact with casual acquaintances you may fragment your
social circle, but if you stop talking to your brother there might be less visible impact on the
structure of your social network.
What is the passage mainly about?
Information transmission through face-to-face contact is essential in modern society.
The network between geographically distant members can predict how disease
transmits.
Phone-network patterns could be useful to social scientists.
Links between family members would be likely to be disrupted by terminating “weak”
links.
A study based on a year-long analysis of data from an extensive mobile phone network
has produced interesting information that might be of use to epidemiologists and social
scientists. The data, according to the researchers, might shed light, for example, on how
diseases and information are transmitted through social networks.
Researchers ranked the link between a pair of phone users on the basis of the total time
spent talking to each other. “Strong” links exist between members of a close social group.
“Weak” links tend to be more long range and join individuals from different social groups.
The researchers observed a dramatically different effect when they removed links in the
network in rank order, depending on whether they removed links starting with the strongest or
with the weakest. To their surprise, removing the strong links first had little effect on the
overall structure of the network. But removing weak links first split the network into a series of
unconnected islands, with individual users linked to a small collection of other phone users.
Thus the researchers have hypothesized that the weak links (the more tenuous connections
between individuals from different social groups) might be very important in maintaining
wider social cohesion. If you lose contact with casual acquaintances you may fragment your
social circle, but if you stop talking to your brother there might be less visible impact on the
structure of your social network.
According to the passage, which of the following statement is TRUE about “weak links”?
Removing weak links from the network causes no harm to your social circle.
Weak links involve members of acquaintances belonging to different social circles.
Weak links are less important than strong links.
Weak links exist between individuals of a socially intimate group.
A study based on a year-long analysis of data from an extensive mobile phone network
has produced interesting information that might be of use to epidemiologists and social
scientists. The data, according to the researchers, might shed light, for example, on how
diseases and information are transmitted through social networks.
Researchers ranked the link between a pair of phone users on the basis of the total time
spent talking to each other. “Strong” links exist between members of a close social group.
“Weak” links tend to be more long range and join individuals from different social groups.
The researchers observed a dramatically different effect when they removed links in the
network in rank order, depending on whether they removed links starting with the strongest or
with the weakest. To their surprise, removing the strong links first had little effect on the
overall structure of the network. But removing weak links first split the network into a series of
unconnected islands, with individual users linked to a small collection of other phone users.
Thus the researchers have hypothesized that the weak links (the more tenuous connections
between individuals from different social groups) might be very important in maintaining
wider social cohesion. If you lose contact with casual acquaintances you may fragment your
social circle, but if you stop talking to your brother there might be less visible impact on the
structure of your social network.
The author wrote the last sentence in order to .
provide a practical illustration of the meaning of a strong link
generalize the argument to make it more appealing
summarize the usefulness of the current research
make the ideas more specific to enhance the reader’s understanding
Although Vincent Van Gogh was one of the world’s most innovative artists and left
behind hundreds of famous paintings, his first choice was not art. This sensitive young man
wandered through life and worked in various places before he finally decided to become a
painter at the age of 27. These early experiences combined with his family background were
unlikely preparation for the eventual development of his artistic career.
Vincent Van Gogh was born in 1853 in Zundert, a village in the south of the Netherlands.
Van Gogh’s father was a preacher, or religious leader, in the Dutch Reformed Church. Vincent
began attending the village school at the age of 8 and later went to a boarding school where he
proved to be an excellent student of languages. However, at age 15, he suddenly returned home
and never continued his education.
Instead, Van Gogh took a position as a trainee at the age of 16 at Goupil & Cie, an
international art dealer with offices in the Hague. Four years later, he was transferred to the
company’s London offices, where he developed a deep appreciation for the paintings and
drawings he saw in the city’s museums. However, Van Gogh gradually began to lose interest in
his work and became more and more focused on religion. This inhibited his ability to do a
good job. The company he worked for sent him to Paris several times, but his job performance
continued to get worse until they let him go in 1876. At this point, Van Gogh decided to
become a minister like his father and he joined a boarding school outside of London as a
teacher and assistant preacher.
A year later, Van Gogh gave in to his parents’ wishes to return to the Netherlands, but
remained devoted to religion. Even though he did not have the required formal preparation, he
started work as a minister for the poor. Finally, in 1880, he decided to combine his interest in
religion with his desire to become a painter. He said, “To try to understand the real significance
of what the great artists, the serious masters, tell us in their masterpieces, that leads to God; one
man wrote or told it in a book; another, in a picture.” Living on a subsidy from his beloved
brother Theo, Van Gogh managed to complete his first paintings in 1882 at the age of 29.
During the next six years, the artist spent time in the Netherlands, Belgium and Paris.
Finally, in 1888, exhausted by the intensity of the art world in Paris, he moved to Arles in the
South of France to recover. There, he entered the most productive two-year period of his life.
The paintings from this period are full of aggressive brush work and bold colors. Although he
was fighting serious depression at the time, Van Gogh produced an amazing number of
beautiful paintings before he killed himself at the age of 37.
What is the main idea of paragraph 3?
At this point, Van Gogh became increasingly interested in religion.
Van Gogh’s career as an art dealer was not a successful one.
Van Gogh learned to appreciate different styles of art while working in London.
Van Gogh’s experiences in London lead him to become a preacher.
Although Vincent Van Gogh was one of the world’s most innovative artists and left
behind hundreds of famous paintings, his first choice was not art. This sensitive young man
wandered through life and worked in various places before he finally decided to become a
painter at the age of 27. These early experiences combined with his family background were
unlikely preparation for the eventual development of his artistic career.
Vincent Van Gogh was born in 1853 in Zundert, a village in the south of the Netherlands.
Van Gogh’s father was a preacher, or religious leader, in the Dutch Reformed Church. Vincent
began attending the village school at the age of 8 and later went to a boarding school where he
proved to be an excellent student of languages. However, at age 15, he suddenly returned home
and never continued his education.
Instead, Van Gogh took a position as a trainee at the age of 16 at Goupil & Cie, an
international art dealer with offices in the Hague. Four years later, he was transferred to the
company’s London offices, where he developed a deep appreciation for the paintings and
drawings he saw in the city’s museums. However, Van Gogh gradually began to lose interest in
his work and became more and more focused on religion. This inhibited his ability to do a
good job. The company he worked for sent him to Paris several times, but his job performance
continued to get worse until they let him go in 1876. At this point, Van Gogh decided to
become a minister like his father and he joined a boarding school outside of London as a
teacher and assistant preacher.
A year later, Van Gogh gave in to his parents’ wishes to return to the Netherlands, but
remained devoted to religion. Even though he did not have the required formal preparation, he
started work as a minister for the poor. Finally, in 1880, he decided to combine his interest in
religion with his desire to become a painter. He said, “To try to understand the real significance
of what the great artists, the serious masters, tell us in their masterpieces, that leads to God; one
man wrote or told it in a book; another, in a picture.” Living on a subsidy from his beloved
brother Theo, Van Gogh managed to complete his first paintings in 1882 at the age of 29.
During the next six years, the artist spent time in the Netherlands, Belgium and Paris.
Finally, in 1888, exhausted by the intensity of the art world in Paris, he moved to Arles in the
South of France to recover. There, he entered the most productive two-year period of his life.
The paintings from this period are full of aggressive brush work and bold colors. Although he
was fighting serious depression at the time, Van Gogh produced an amazing number of
beautiful paintings before he killed himself at the age of 37.
In paragraph 3, what does “they let him go” mean?
They ended his employment with them.
They helped him return to the Netherlands.
They suggested that he go to England.
They allowed him to go back to hid old job.
Although Vincent Van Gogh was one of the world’s most innovative artists and left
behind hundreds of famous paintings, his first choice was not art. This sensitive young man
wandered through life and worked in various places before he finally decided to become a
painter at the age of 27. These early experiences combined with his family background were
unlikely preparation for the eventual development of his artistic career.
Vincent Van Gogh was born in 1853 in Zundert, a village in the south of the Netherlands.
Van Gogh’s father was a preacher, or religious leader, in the Dutch Reformed Church. Vincent
began attending the village school at the age of 8 and later went to a boarding school where he
proved to be an excellent student of languages. However, at age 15, he suddenly returned home
and never continued his education.
Instead, Van Gogh took a position as a trainee at the age of 16 at Goupil & Cie, an
international art dealer with offices in the Hague. Four years later, he was transferred to the
company’s London offices, where he developed a deep appreciation for the paintings and
drawings he saw in the city’s museums. However, Van Gogh gradually began to lose interest in
his work and became more and more focused on religion. This inhibited his ability to do a
good job. The company he worked for sent him to Paris several times, but his job performance
continued to get worse until they let him go in 1876. At this point, Van Gogh decided to
become a minister like his father and he joined a boarding school outside of London as a
teacher and assistant preacher.
A year later, Van Gogh gave in to his parents’ wishes to return to the Netherlands, but
remained devoted to religion. Even though he did not have the required formal preparation, he
started work as a minister for the poor. Finally, in 1880, he decided to combine his interest in
religion with his desire to become a painter. He said, “To try to understand the real significance
of what the great artists, the serious masters, tell us in their masterpieces, that leads to God; one
man wrote or told it in a book; another, in a picture.” Living on a subsidy from his beloved
brother Theo, Van Gogh managed to complete his first paintings in 1882 at the age of 29.
During the next six years, the artist spent time in the Netherlands, Belgium and Paris.
Finally, in 1888, exhausted by the intensity of the art world in Paris, he moved to Arles in the
South of France to recover. There, he entered the most productive two-year period of his life.
The paintings from this period are full of aggressive brush work and bold colors. Although he
was fighting serious depression at the time, Van Gogh produced an amazing number of
beautiful paintings before he killed himself at the age of 37.
Van Gogh got his first job in London .
when he was 16 years old
after he sold his first painting
after he had visited Paris
Although Vincent Van Gogh was one of the world’s most innovative artists and left
behind hundreds of famous paintings, his first choice was not art. This sensitive young man
wandered through life and worked in various places before he finally decided to become a
painter at the age of 27. These early experiences combined with his family background were
unlikely preparation for the eventual development of his artistic career.
Vincent Van Gogh was born in 1853 in Zundert, a village in the south of the Netherlands.
Van Gogh’s father was a preacher, or religious leader, in the Dutch Reformed Church. Vincent
began attending the village school at the age of 8 and later went to a boarding school where he
proved to be an excellent student of languages. However, at age 15, he suddenly returned home
and never continued his education.
Instead, Van Gogh took a position as a trainee at the age of 16 at Goupil & Cie, an
international art dealer with offices in the Hague. Four years later, he was transferred to the
company’s London offices, where he developed a deep appreciation for the paintings and
drawings he saw in the city’s museums. However, Van Gogh gradually began to lose interest in
his work and became more and more focused on religion. This inhibited his ability to do a
good job. The company he worked for sent him to Paris several times, but his job performance
continued to get worse until they let him go in 1876. At this point, Van Gogh decided to
become a minister like his father and he joined a boarding school outside of London as a
teacher and assistant preacher.
A year later, Van Gogh gave in to his parents’ wishes to return to the Netherlands, but
remained devoted to religion. Even though he did not have the required formal preparation, he
started work as a minister for the poor. Finally, in 1880, he decided to combine his interest in
religion with his desire to become a painter. He said, “To try to understand the real significance
of what the great artists, the serious masters, tell us in their masterpieces, that leads to God; one
man wrote or told it in a book; another, in a picture.” Living on a subsidy from his beloved
brother Theo, Van Gogh managed to complete his first paintings in 1882 at the age of 29.
During the next six years, the artist spent time in the Netherlands, Belgium and Paris.
Finally, in 1888, exhausted by the intensity of the art world in Paris, he moved to Arles in the
South of France to recover. There, he entered the most productive two-year period of his life.
The paintings from this period are full of aggressive brush work and bold colors. Although he
was fighting serious depression at the time, Van Gogh produced an amazing number of
beautiful paintings before he killed himself at the age of 37.
Van Gogh probably .
wanted to be a language teacher
enjoyed changing jobs all the time
suffered from some sort of mental illness
enjoyed working as an art dealer
Previous research studies suggest that children learn a language from their surroundings.
Until the age of three, children tend to develop their language ability by mimicking the speech
of their parents. Afterwards, peers begin to play a more influential role as models to be
imitated in the process of language development. It is often observed that adults and older
children tend to unconsciously use adjusted language to enhance communication with younger
children, and such language is called caretaker speech.
Unlike many other types of speech, caretaker speech is often used unconsciously. In other
words, most people, without further mental processing, modify their speech by reducing its
syntactic complexity when speaking to young children in order to communicate with them
effectively.[I] Caretakers speak with adults in one way and code-switch or use shorter and
simpler words and sentences with young children. [II] In addition, they are commonly found to
use “baby talk,” such as repeated syllable expressions “bye-bye,” “ma-ma,” and “da-da,” to
facilitate understanding. [III] Some simplified sentences repeated in sing-song inflections are
also quite usual in an everyday communication between caretakers and small children. [IV]
Caretaker speech allows young children to acquire language in an easier fashion. For instance,
the simplified words and sentences help increase speech comprehension and repetitions
reinforce further understanding. Caretakers adapt their speech in accordance with a child’s
language acquisition development. As the child reaches about the age of two or three,
caretakers will speak in a progressively more sophisticated manner.
Based on the first paragraph, children over the age of three .
learn little from their surroundings
are influenced by the language of those closer to their own age more and more
are no longer influenced by their parents
learn to respond to older people using modified language
Previous research studies suggest that children learn a language from their surroundings.
Until the age of three, children tend to develop their language ability by mimicking the speech
of their parents. Afterwards, peers begin to play a more influential role as models to be
imitated in the process of language development. It is often observed that adults and older
children tend to unconsciously use adjusted language to enhance communication with younger
children, and such language is called caretaker speech.
Unlike many other types of speech, caretaker speech is often used unconsciously. In other
words, most people, without further mental processing, modify their speech by reducing its
syntactic complexity when speaking to young children in order to communicate with them
effectively.[I] Caretakers speak with adults in one way and code-switch or use shorter and
simpler words and sentences with young children. [II] In addition, they are commonly found to
use “baby talk,” such as repeated syllable expressions “bye-bye,” “ma-ma,” and “da-da,” to
facilitate understanding. [III] Some simplified sentences repeated in sing-song inflections are
also quite usual in an everyday communication between caretakers and small children. [IV]
Caretaker speech allows young children to acquire language in an easier fashion. For instance,
the simplified words and sentences help increase speech comprehension and repetitions
reinforce further understanding. Caretakers adapt their speech in accordance with a child’s
language acquisition development. As the child reaches about the age of two or three,
caretakers will speak in a progressively more sophisticated manner.
The word mimicking in paragraph 1 is closet in meaning to .
delineating
collating
modeling
reinforcing
Previous research studies suggest that children learn a language from their surroundings.
Until the age of three, children tend to develop their language ability by mimicking the speech
of their parents. Afterwards, peers begin to play a more influential role as models to be
imitated in the process of language development. It is often observed that adults and older
children tend to unconsciously use adjusted language to enhance communication with younger
children, and such language is called caretaker speech.
Unlike many other types of speech, caretaker speech is often used unconsciously. In other
words, most people, without further mental processing, modify their speech by reducing its
syntactic complexity when speaking to young children in order to communicate with them
effectively.[I] Caretakers speak with adults in one way and code-switch or use shorter and
simpler words and sentences with young children. [II] In addition, they are commonly found to
use “baby talk,” such as repeated syllable expressions “bye-bye,” “ma-ma,” and “da-da,” to
facilitate understanding. [III] Some simplified sentences repeated in sing-song inflections are
also quite usual in an everyday communication between caretakers and small children. [IV]
Caretaker speech allows young children to acquire language in an easier fashion. For instance,
the simplified words and sentences help increase speech comprehension and repetitions
reinforce further understanding. Caretakers adapt their speech in accordance with a child’s
language acquisition development. As the child reaches about the age of two or three,
caretakers will speak in a progressively more sophisticated manner.
What is the main idea of paragraph 2?
Caretakers often use baby talk unconsciously and repetitively with people around
them.
Caretaker code-switch to a more sophisticated language when speaking to other adults.
Caretakers modify their speech in various ways to help young children acquire
language.
Caretakers tend to think further before they code-switch to a simplified language.
Previous research studies suggest that children learn a language from their surroundings.
Until the age of three, children tend to develop their language ability by mimicking the speech
of their parents. Afterwards, peers begin to play a more influential role as models to be
imitated in the process of language development. It is often observed that adults and older
children tend to unconsciously use adjusted language to enhance communication with younger
children, and such language is called caretaker speech.
Unlike many other types of speech, caretaker speech is often used unconsciously. In other
words, most people, without further mental processing, modify their speech by reducing its
syntactic complexity when speaking to young children in order to communicate with them
effectively.[I] Caretakers speak with adults in one way and code-switch or use shorter and
simpler words and sentences with young children. [II] In addition, they are commonly found to
use “baby talk,” such as repeated syllable expressions “bye-bye,” “ma-ma,” and “da-da,” to
facilitate understanding. [III] Some simplified sentences repeated in sing-song inflections are
also quite usual in an everyday communication between caretakers and small children. [IV]
Caretaker speech allows young children to acquire language in an easier fashion. For instance,
the simplified words and sentences help increase speech comprehension and repetitions
reinforce further understanding. Caretakers adapt their speech in accordance with a child’s
language acquisition development. As the child reaches about the age of two or three,
caretakers will speak in a progressively more sophisticated manner.
What does the pronoun they in paragraph 2 refer to?
Children of age two or three
Young children
Adults
Caretakers
Previous research studies suggest that children learn a language from their surroundings.
Until the age of three, children tend to develop their language ability by mimicking the speech
of their parents. Afterwards, peers begin to play a more influential role as models to be
imitated in the process of language development. It is often observed that adults and older
children tend to unconsciously use adjusted language to enhance communication with younger
children, and such language is called caretaker speech.
Unlike many other types of speech, caretaker speech is often used unconsciously. In other
words, most people, without further mental processing, modify their speech by reducing its
syntactic complexity when speaking to young children in order to communicate with them
effectively.[I] Caretakers speak with adults in one way and code-switch or use shorter and
simpler words and sentences with young children. [II] In addition, they are commonly found to
use “baby talk,” such as repeated syllable expressions “bye-bye,” “ma-ma,” and “da-da,” to
facilitate understanding. [III] Some simplified sentences repeated in sing-song inflections are
also quite usual in an everyday communication between caretakers and small children. [IV]
Caretaker speech allows young children to acquire language in an easier fashion. For instance,
the simplified words and sentences help increase speech comprehension and repetitions
reinforce further understanding. Caretakers adapt their speech in accordance with a child’s
language acquisition development. As the child reaches about the age of two or three,
caretakers will speak in a progressively more sophisticated manner.
In paragraph 2, where can the following sentence be placed?
Examples of these are expressions such as “Where’s ma-ma?” or “Da-Da’s home?”
[I]
[II]
[III]
[IV]
Coral reefs are the largest structures built by any living thing, including humans. As they
lie under the surface of the water, most people don't realize that they are actually like huge
mountains rising from the ocean floor. Recently many reefs have begun to suffer serious
damage, and some can no longer support the wide variety of plants and other life forms they
did in the past. The damage seems to come from three basic sources: direct physical
destruction of the coral itself, pollution produced by humans, and the warming of ocean waters
caused by climate change.
For centuries, limestone—one of the main elements found in coral—was used in the
construction of houses and other types of buildings. Although it was available from other
sources, limestone from coral was the usual choice in areas near an ocean. Coral is also used in
jewelry making and to decorate fish tanks. Finally, some methods of fishing use explosions to
break the coral reef apart. Although these practices are changing, much damage has already
been done.
For years, industrial pollution has had a negative effect on the world’s coral reefs.
Recently, however, scientists have hypothesized that another category of pollution is also
threatening the reefs' survival. It appears the sunscreen that millions of swimmers use to protect
their skin from the sun causes coral reefs to die. The chemicals in the sunscreen do not kill the
creatures themselves. Instead, the chemicals cause the coral animals to push out the tiny
brilliantly colored plants called algae that live inside their bodies. When this happens, the
whole reef begins to die.
Officials at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have gathered information
showing that climate change may be the biggest threat to conserving coral reefs worldwide.
When the water gets too warm, the coral responds as if pollution is present—it forces the algae
out. With the algae gone, the coral reef turns white, or “bleaches.” This is a sure sign that the
coral is no longer a living thing.
What is the main idea of this passage?
The passage discusses how coral reefs can be saved.
The passage describes how climate change affects coral reefs.
The passage illustrates a variety of threats to coral reefs.
The passage evaluates the effects of pollution on coral reefs.
Coral reefs are the largest structures built by any living thing, including humans. As they
lie under the surface of the water, most people don't realize that they are actually like huge
mountains rising from the ocean floor. Recently many reefs have begun to suffer serious
damage, and some can no longer support the wide variety of plants and other life forms they
did in the past. The damage seems to come from three basic sources: direct physical
destruction of the coral itself, pollution produced by humans, and the warming of ocean waters
caused by climate change.
For centuries, limestone—one of the main elements found in coral—was used in the
construction of houses and other types of buildings. Although it was available from other
sources, limestone from coral was the usual choice in areas near an ocean. Coral is also used in
jewelry making and to decorate fish tanks. Finally, some methods of fishing use explosions to
break the coral reef apart. Although these practices are changing, much damage has already
been done.
For years, industrial pollution has had a negative effect on the world’s coral reefs.
Recently, however, scientists have hypothesized that another category of pollution is also
threatening the reefs' survival. It appears the sunscreen that millions of swimmers use to protect
their skin from the sun causes coral reefs to die. The chemicals in the sunscreen do not kill the
creatures themselves. Instead, the chemicals cause the coral animals to push out the tiny
brilliantly colored plants called algae that live inside their bodies. When this happens, the
whole reef begins to die.
Officials at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have gathered information
showing that climate change may be the biggest threat to conserving coral reefs worldwide.
When the water gets too warm, the coral responds as if pollution is present—it forces the algae
out. With the algae gone, the coral reef turns white, or “bleaches.” This is a sure sign that the
coral is no longer a living thing.
In paragraph 1, sentence 2, the word they refers to .
coral reefs
huge mountains
humans
most people
Coral reefs are the largest structures built by any living thing, including humans. As they
lie under the surface of the water, most people don't realize that they are actually like huge
mountains rising from the ocean floor. Recently many reefs have begun to suffer serious
damage, and some can no longer support the wide variety of plants and other life forms they
did in the past. The damage seems to come from three basic sources: direct physical
destruction of the coral itself, pollution produced by humans, and the warming of ocean waters
caused by climate change.
For centuries, limestone—one of the main elements found in coral—was used in the
construction of houses and other types of buildings. Although it was available from other
sources, limestone from coral was the usual choice in areas near an ocean. Coral is also used in
jewelry making and to decorate fish tanks. Finally, some methods of fishing use explosions to
break the coral reef apart. Although these practices are changing, much damage has already
been done.
For years, industrial pollution has had a negative effect on the world’s coral reefs.
Recently, however, scientists have hypothesized that another category of pollution is also
threatening the reefs' survival. It appears the sunscreen that millions of swimmers use to protect
their skin from the sun causes coral reefs to die. The chemicals in the sunscreen do not kill the
creatures themselves. Instead, the chemicals cause the coral animals to push out the tiny
brilliantly colored plants called algae that live inside their bodies. When this happens, the
whole reef begins to die.
Officials at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have gathered information
showing that climate change may be the biggest threat to conserving coral reefs worldwide.
When the water gets too warm, the coral responds as if pollution is present—it forces the algae
out. With the algae gone, the coral reef turns white, or “bleaches.” This is a sure sign that the
coral is no longer a living thing.
In paragraph 2, sentence 2, the word it refers to .
limestone
coral
the ocean
jewelry
Coral reefs are the largest structures built by any living thing, including humans. As they
lie under the surface of the water, most people don't realize that they are actually like huge
mountains rising from the ocean floor. Recently many reefs have begun to suffer serious
damage, and some can no longer support the wide variety of plants and other life forms they
did in the past. The damage seems to come from three basic sources: direct physical
destruction of the coral itself, pollution produced by humans, and the warming of ocean waters
caused by climate change.
For centuries, limestone—one of the main elements found in coral—was used in the
construction of houses and other types of buildings. Although it was available from other
sources, limestone from coral was the usual choice in areas near an ocean. Coral is also used in
jewelry making and to decorate fish tanks. Finally, some methods of fishing use explosions to
break the coral reef apart. Although these practices are changing, much damage has already
been done.
For years, industrial pollution has had a negative effect on the world’s coral reefs.
Recently, however, scientists have hypothesized that another category of pollution is also
threatening the reefs' survival. It appears the sunscreen that millions of swimmers use to protect
their skin from the sun causes coral reefs to die. The chemicals in the sunscreen do not kill the
creatures themselves. Instead, the chemicals cause the coral animals to push out the tiny
brilliantly colored plants called algae that live inside their bodies. When this happens, the
whole reef begins to die.
Officials at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have gathered information
showing that climate change may be the biggest threat to conserving coral reefs worldwide.
When the water gets too warm, the coral responds as if pollution is present—it forces the algae
out. With the algae gone, the coral reef turns white, or “bleaches.” This is a sure sign that the
coral is no longer a living thing.
According to the passage, which of the following statement is NOT true?
Coral reefs need algae to survive.
Limestone is one of the fundamental components of coral reefs.
Sunscreen has direct negative impact on the survival of coral reefs.
The warming of ocean water has caused serious damage on the coral reefs.
Coral reefs are the largest structures built by any living thing, including humans. As they
lie under the surface of the water, most people don't realize that they are actually like huge
mountains rising from the ocean floor. Recently many reefs have begun to suffer serious
damage, and some can no longer support the wide variety of plants and other life forms they
did in the past. The damage seems to come from three basic sources: direct physical
destruction of the coral itself, pollution produced by humans, and the warming of ocean waters
caused by climate change.
For centuries, limestone—one of the main elements found in coral—was used in the
construction of houses and other types of buildings. Although it was available from other
sources, limestone from coral was the usual choice in areas near an ocean. Coral is also used in
jewelry making and to decorate fish tanks. Finally, some methods of fishing use explosions to
break the coral reef apart. Although these practices are changing, much damage has already
been done.
For years, industrial pollution has had a negative effect on the world’s coral reefs.
Recently, however, scientists have hypothesized that another category of pollution is also
threatening the reefs' survival. It appears the sunscreen that millions of swimmers use to protect
their skin from the sun causes coral reefs to die. The chemicals in the sunscreen do not kill the
creatures themselves. Instead, the chemicals cause the coral animals to push out the tiny
brilliantly colored plants called algae that live inside their bodies. When this happens, the
whole reef begins to die.
Officials at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency have gathered information
showing that climate change may be the biggest threat to conserving coral reefs worldwide.
When the water gets too warm, the coral responds as if pollution is present—it forces the algae
out. With the algae gone, the coral reef turns white, or “bleaches.” This is a sure sign that the
coral is no longer a living thing.
According to the passage, what happens when coral reefs die?
They create a lot of pollution in the ocean.
Other related life creatures disappear.
They heat up their surrounding ocean water.
The temperature of ocean water drops.
Translation: For questions 1 and 2, translate the sentences into Chinese .
For questions 3 and 4, translate the sentences into English .
World Health Organization claims that cancer kills millions of people worldwide every
year. Although there is no cure or straightforward preventative, research has suggested
that some foods and nutrients are closely associated with a lower risk of getting cancer
and broccoli is an example.
Translation: For questions 1 and 2, translate the sentences into Chinese .
For questions 3 and 4, translate the sentences into English .
Trust is vital in any relationship, be it personal or professional. Two effective ways of
fostering mutual trust with employees are to allow them a bigger role in the decisionmaking
process and demonstrate that you have faith in their abilities.
Translation: For questions 1 and 2, translate the sentences into Chinese .
For questions 3 and 4, translate the sentences into English .
我們認為下述真理是不言而喻的,人人生而平等,造物主賦予他們若干不可剝奪的
權利,包括生命權、自由權和追求幸福的權利。(Barack Obama’s inauguration speech,
2013)
Translation: For questions 1 and 2, translate the sentences into Chinese .
For questions 3 and 4, translate the sentences into English .
近年來,政府倡導電池回收以減少廢電池的數量。因為電池含有一些重金屬及有毒
化學成分,隨意丟棄可能造成土壤污染及水汙染。
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