A firm has a production process in which the inputs to production are perfectly
substitutable in the long run. Can you tell whether the marginal rate of technical
substitution is high or low, or is further information necessary? Discuss.
A sales tax of 10 percent is placed on half the firms (the polluters) in a competitive
industry. The revenue is paid to the remaining firms (the nonpolluters) as a 10 percent
subsidy on the value of output sold.
(1) Assuming that all firms have identical constant long-run average costs before the
sales tax-subsidy policy, what do you expect to happen (in both the short run and
the long run), to the price of the product, the output of firms, and industry output?
(2) Can such a policy always be achieved with a balanced budget in which tax revenues
are equal to subsidy payments? Why or why not? Explain.
考慮Cournot duopoly competition(雙佔)。假設需求函數為D(p) = a − p,其中a > 0
並且p 是價格。讓c代表邊際成本而且a > c > 0
(1) 在Cournot competition 下,兩家廠商分別之最適產量為何?(10 分)
(2) 如果只有一家廠商(獨佔),找出最適生產量。(5 分)
(3) 如果兩廠商一開始各自均生產獨佔產量的一半,而現在其中一家廠商決定改變
策略,新策略將以極大化自己本身利益為前提,試問新產量為何?(假設另一
家廠商維持產量不變)(10 分)
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