When labor is a variable factor and capital is a fixed factor, which of the following
statements is true?
There are many different production functions in the short run, each corresponding
to a different lever of labor.
There are many different production functions in the long run, each corresponding
to a different technological process.
For a given level of capital, there is only one short-run production function
available to the firm.
In the very long run there is no choice in the input mix which the firm has to
produce a given level of output.
Which of the following is not usually a characteristic of a perfectly competitive industry?
No individual firm has any significant amount of market power.
The market demand curve for the industry is highly elastic.
Any individual firm can increase its production and sales without affecting the price
of the good.
Existing firms cannot bar the entry of new firms.
Compared to the efficient competitive result, the monopolist will:
sell the same quantity but at a higher per-unit price
restrict quantity to raise the price per unit of output
increase total consumer surplus, even though consumers pay a higher price per unit
of output
pay a higher price per unit of labor employed.
Although a monopolistically competitive firm in long-run equilibrium is producing
output at an average total cost higher than the minimum, economists are not greatly
concerned about this inefficiency because:
additional firms may enter the industry
consumers gain satisfaction from having a wide variety of products available
consumes would unquestionably benefit from having fewer products produced
more cheaply
advertising may allow a firm to expand output.
The demand for labor is a derived demand because:
the demand for labor in a market is determined by the demand for the final product
that the labor produces
the demand for labor is derived form the wage rate paid for labor's services
the demand for labor is derived from the producer's overall cost of production
the demand for labor is a function of the supply of labor's services
One of the major results of the specialization and division of labor is that:
as labor becomes more specialized, the overall output of the economic system
declines
as labor becomes more specialized, there is a greater need for the economic system
to expand trade
as labor becomes more specialized, there is an increased need for government to
intervene in the market place
as labor becomes more specialized, the circular flow of income contracts
Demand is said to be inelastic when:
the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change
in price of a good
the quantity demanded does not change when price changes
a small price reduction raises the quantity demanded to infinity
the percentage change in price of a good is greater than the percentage change in
quantity demanded
When the consumer is in equilibrium with a certain consumption bundle of goods x and
y (both normal goods), if the price of good y falls and the consumer's income and the
price of good x remain unchanged, then we can assume that the consumer will:
move along the original indifference curve purchasing less x and more y
move to a higher indifference curve purchasing more x and an indeterminate
amount of x
move to a higher indifference curve purchasing more x and an indeterminate
amount of y
remain on the original budget line purchasing more x and less y
Which of the following is not true of price ceilings?
The producer must charge the price established as the price ceiling.
If the ceiling price is set above the equilibrium price, the intervention will have no
effect whatsoever.
If the ceiling price is set below the prevailing equilibrium price, then the price must
be reduced.
If the ceiling price is set below the equilibrium price, then an excess demand for the
commodity will develop.
Consumer surplus is defined as the difference between:
the marginal utility of a unit of a commodity and its price
total utility and the marginal utility of the last unit consumed
the total utility of all units and the price of the last unit
the total value consumers place on all units consumed and the money payments
they make to purchase those units.
美國許多圖書公司在出版學術書籍時,經常會先出版訂價較高的精裝本,二年後
再出版訂價較低的平裝本。請說明其理由何在?
幾年前政府推行「醫藥分業」制度,結果引起醫師公會與藥劑師公會之間的嚴重
爭執。請問推行醫藥分業的經濟理由為何?又為什麼推行醫藥分業制度以後不
久,現在我們在許多診所隔壁可以看到有「門前藥局」的出現?理由何在?
試以圖形證明:廠商長期成本必然會小於或等於短期成本。
A rational firm will only seek to maximize total revenue if
it faces a totally inelastic demand curve.
its marginal cost curve falls and then rises.
its average costs are falling.
it is a perfect monopoly.
its variable costs are zero.
Which of the following economists argued that monopolies were economically
beneficial?
Adam Smith
Milton Friedman
Karl Marx
Joseph Schumpeter
None of the above.
Bounded rationality means that
firms are profit maximizers.
Not-for-profit firms cannot exist in a competitive economy.
firms strive to make good decisions, but not always maximizing decisions.
firms spend too much money trying to maximize profits.
firms are really utility maximizers.
Which of the following best explains why collusive oligopolies are not stable?
Companies are inherently hostile to each other.
Companies feel they have a moral responsibility not to collude.
Each company in the oligopoly can increase its profits by deviating from the agreed
upon price and/or quantity.
Oligopolies are not unstable; rather they are quite stable.
None of the above.
Which of the following does not represent a barrier to entry into a market?
Import quotas.
Patent laws.
Government franchises.
Anti-trust legislation.
All of the above are barriers.
All but one of the following are incompatible with the existence of perfect competition.
That one is:
prolonged decreasing costs.
prolonged increasing returns to scale.
a continually falling average fixed cost curve.
a continually falling average total cost curve.
product differentiation.
The problem leading to the development of the economics of information can be
characterized as follows:
Variable costs are high but fixed costs are low.
Fixed costs equal zero.
Marginal costs increase at an increasing rate.
Production externalities lead to lower demand.
Fixed costs are high but marginal costs are low.
The long-run supply curve of an individual firm in perfect competition is the same
thing as:
the rising segment of its marginal cost curve, above average cost.
the rising segment of its average cost curve.
its entire average cost curve.
that entire part of its total cost curve in which total cost rises or remains constant as
output increases.
none of the above.
1. 囚犯的困境(prisoner’s dilemma)
2. 交換經濟體系之核心(Core)
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