A monopolistic firm faces a downward-sloping demand curve because:
there are a large number of firms in the industry, all selling the same product
the demand for its product is always inelastic
unlike a competitive firm, the amount a monopolistic firm sells affects the market
price
marginal revenue is negative throughout the feasible range of output
A monopolist with a marginal cost of zero will
not product since no economic profit can be made
produce where the elasticity of demand is zero
produce where the elasticity of demand is one
none of these
Which one of the following would not reflect a barrier to entry into an industry?
The XYZ corporation owns all of the know titanium deposits, and titanium is a
necessary input into the production of widgets.
The ABC Corporation has a patent on the production of synthetic rubber.
The total market demand for widgets is 100,000 per week, and the MES of a
typical firm in the widget industry occurs at an output level of 92,000 widgets per
week.
The ABC corporation produces a product that is a very close substitute to the
product of the XYZ corporation.
If producers in an oligopolistic industry are successful in reducing output and raising
the market price of the product, new firms may seek to enter the market because the
price charged by the typical firm:
exceeds marginal cost
equals average revenue
exceeds average cost
equals marginal revenue
Which of the following statements concerning monopolistic competition is true?
The monopolistic competitor has no control over the price of its output.
The monopolistic competitor can earn long-run economic profits.
The monopolistic competitor faces a downward-sloping demand curve.
The monopolistic competitor need not fear the entry of new firms in the long run.
The theory of monopoly leads to all of the following predictions except:
an industry possessing some monopoly power will employ fewer resources than
will a competitive industry.
in the long run, allocative efficiency is achieved under either monopoly or
competition.
monopoly power permits firms to earn profits in excess of its opportunity cost of
production, at least in the short run.
monopolists command a larger share of national income than do perfect
competitors.
An assumption of the Cournot-Nash model is that:
each firm assumes that its competitor will keep producing the original quantity
the demand curve faced by the duopolist is highly elastic
each firm assumes that its competitors will not change price
each firm assumes that its competitors will follow a price increase
One of the identifying characteristics of oligopoly is sticky prices. When economists
state that prices are sticky with respect to oligopolistic industry, they mean that:
prices are given to the firm, and so the firm is a price taker
the oligopolist sets product price so that profits are maximized at all times
prices are less responsive to changes in demand in oligopolies than in perfectly
competitive markets
oligopolies practice predatory pricing, so competition in the market is reduced.
When a minimum wage is imposed on a portion of the labor market, the result is
predicted to be:
an increase in employment in the uncovered sector, which is not large enough to
offset the decrease in employment in the covered sector.
an increase in employment in the uncovered sector, which is larger than the
decrease in employment in the covered sector
an increase in the wage in the uncovered sector
a reduction in employment in the uncovered sector
Private producers will achieve socially optimal results if:
marginal net social benefits equal marginal net private benefits
net private benefits are maximized
net private benefits are minimized
marginal private benefits equal marginal private costs
證明題:不可能所有的生產要素都是劣等要素(inferior factor)。
以下是某一個國家國內一些關於人壽保險的定價與規定的描述:
在政府人員參加人壽保險的團保時,投保保額20 萬元,要保人年齡為43 歲時,
保費每年240 元,男女相同。同時,在參加團保時,要保人不必進行體檢。然而,
如果而是個人去買人壽保險時,同樣是投保保額為20 萬,要保人為43 歲時,男
性的保費是1849 元;女性的保費則是991 元。此外,個人去買人壽保險時,要
先通過健康檢查。請根據上面的描述回答下列問題:
(1) 為什麼團保的保費會遠高於個人投保的保費?(請注意:該國政府對於政府
人員參加團保時並沒有進行補貼。)
(2) 為什麼參加團保的不需要健康檢查,但是個人投保則要通過健康檢查?
(3) 為什麼團保時男女的保費相同,但是個人保險時,男性與女性的保費不同?
周公的效用函數為U(x, y) = x + 2y,其中x ≥ 0,y ≥ 0。請用數學說明或是
說明此效用函數背後所代表周公對x 和y 財貨的偏好,是否滿足下列特性(僅使
用文字或是圖型說明者,不予計分):
(1) 完整性(completeness)
(2) 遞移性(transitivity)
(3) 嚴格凸性(strict convexity)
(4) 越多越好(more is better)
請用數學證明或是說明在固定的生產數量之下,長期的生產總成本一定會
小於或是等於短期的生產總成本(僅用文字或是圖型說明者,不予計分)。
請使用短期完全競爭市場的供需模型,並用數學證明當消費者的所得增加
時,對市場的均衡價格為正向或是負向之影響(僅用文字或是圖型說明者,不予
計分)。
『台灣麥當勞宣布,今(2/4)日起,周一至周五調降八款午間套餐的價格,降
幅最高達25%』。從商業經營的角度而言,台灣麥當勞為何僅調降午間套餐的價
格,而不是同時調降晚間或是夜間套餐的價格?
請簡要解釋下列名詞,並說明其在經濟學上的重要性。
(1) Second theorem of welfare economics
(2) Strictly dominated strategies
(3) Nash equilibrium
(4) Von Neumann-Morgenstern utility functions
(5) Production functions
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