何謂鑄幣稅(seignorage)? (7 分)
為何在法定貨幣體系(a fiat system)之下,鑄幣稅可被視為一種通貨膨脹稅(inflation
tax)?(6 分)
貨幣最主要的三項功能為充當儲值工具(store of value)計價單位 (unit of account)
以及交易媒介(medium of exchange)。當政府過度以鑄幣稅籌措預算赤字時,會損
害上述貨幣的功能。請逐項說明。(12 分)
考慮一個充分就業的小型開放國家(a small open economy),其國內儲蓄為300。其
投資函數為I = 400 − 20r ,其中I為總投資,r為實質利率。
(1) 假設世界實質利率為10%,此小國之國內投資量,經常帳餘額以及淨對外投資
量。(12 分)
(2) 假設世界實質利率升高為15%,此小國之經常帳餘額會如何變化?(3 分)
(3) 請解釋(2)中經常帳餘額變動的經濟意義,以及利率變化對匯率可能造成的影
響。(10 分)
Describe Friedman's Permanent Income Hypothesis of Consumption. What effect will
rational expectations have on the behavior of consumption in this model? What are the
implications of this theory for the effects of a temporary reduction in taxes on
consumption?
It has been well-known among economists that saving rates and growth rates are
positively correlated across countries. The positive saving-growth relationship implies
that "high interest rates are good for the economy because high interest rates stimulate
saving, and saving stimulates economic growth." Do you agree with this statement?
Why or why not? (10 分)
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