面臨這一波的經濟不景氣,政府採取的重要經濟政策之一是提出「短期就業方
案」,這是因為失業本身有其總體經濟面的衝擊外,也將造成許多的社會問題。
請妳(你)從勞動就業市場的角度,詳細回答以下問題:
如何導出勞動的供給曲線?(5 分)
面臨這一波的經濟不景氣,政府採取的重要經濟政策之一是提出「短期就業方
案」,這是因為失業本身有其總體經濟面的衝擊外,也將造成許多的社會問題。
請妳(你)從勞動就業市場的角度,詳細回答以下問題:
如何導出勞動的需求曲線?(5 分)
面臨這一波的經濟不景氣,政府採取的重要經濟政策之一是提出「短期就業方
案」,這是因為失業本身有其總體經濟面的衝擊外,也將造成許多的社會問題。
請妳(你)從勞動就業市場的角度,詳細回答以下問題:
用上述二條曲線指出失業的現象。(5 分)
面臨這一波的經濟不景氣,政府採取的重要經濟政策之一是提出「短期就業方
案」,這是因為失業本身有其總體經濟面的衝擊外,也將造成許多的社會問題。
請妳(你)從勞動就業市場的角度,詳細回答以下問題:
對於失業的現象,凱因斯學派與古典學派各有什麼不同的論點。(10 分)
面臨這一波的經濟不景氣,政府採取的重要經濟政策之一是提出「短期就業方
案」,這是因為失業本身有其總體經濟面的衝擊外,也將造成許多的社會問題。
請妳(你)從勞動就業市場的角度,詳細回答以下問題:
簡要地提出「短期就業方案」之政策分析。(5 分)
策略大師M. Porter 所提出的(1)成本領導(Cost Leadership)策略與(2)差異化
(Differentiation)策略二大競爭策略。簡單的說,這是指在同一產業(市場)中,廠
商可分別以低成本、低價格,或者是以具獨特性的產品(如,較高的品質)二種
方法與其同業競爭。〔提示:這二類廠商所面對之消費者有不同的需求彈性〕
請分別說明並畫出低成本策略的廠商與差異化策略的廠商之成本結構與收益
結構(Revenue),以及此二類廠商在追求利潤極大化的假設下之廠商均衡分
析。(10 分)
策略大師M. Porter 所提出的(1)成本領導(Cost Leadership)策略與(2)差異化
(Differentiation)策略二大競爭策略。簡單的說,這是指在同一產業(市場)中,廠
商可分別以低成本、低價格,或者是以具獨特性的產品(如,較高的品質)二種
方法與其同業競爭。〔提示:這二類廠商所面對之消費者有不同的需求彈性〕
此一概念與廠商之差別訂價(Price Discrimination)的做法是否有相同的理論觀
念?並請簡單說明差別訂價的概念。(10 分)
Consumers will be in equilibrium with respect to the consumption of two goods if:
the ratio of marginal utility to price is equal for both goods.
the marginal utility of the lowest price good is greater than the marginal utility of
the highest price good.
the ratio of the marginal utility of A to the marginal utility of B is equal to the ratio of the price of B to the price of A.
the marginal utility of both goods is identical, regardless of the price.
none of the above.
An increase in the exchange rate of the U.S. dollar relative to a trading partner can
result from
higher anticipated costs of production in the U.S.
higher interest rates and higher inflation in the U.S.
higher growth rates in the trading partner’s economy
a change in the terms of trade
lower export industry productivity
The law of diminishing marginal returns:
states that each and every increase in the amount of the variable factor employed in
the production process will yield diminishing marginal returns
in a mathematical theorem that can be logically proved or disproved
is the rate at which one input may be substituted for another input in the production
process
none of the above
Concerning the maximization of output subject to a cost constraint, which of the
following statements (if any) are true?
At the optimal input combination, the slope of the isoquant must equal the slope of
the isocost line.
The optimal solution occurs at the boundary of the feasible region of input
combinations.
The optimal solution occurs at the point where the isoquant is tangent to the isocost
lines.
all of the above.
none of the above.
For a short-run cost function which of the following statements is (are) not true?
The average fixed cost function is monotonically decreasing.
The marginal cost function intersects the average fixed cost function where the average variable cost function is a minimum.
The marginal cost function intersects the average variable cost function where the
average variable cost function is a minimum.
The marginal cost function intersects the average total cost function where the
average total cost function is a minimum.
(B) and (C).
Which of the following statements concerning the long-run average cost curve of
economic theory is (are) not true?
it is L-shaped
it consists of the lower boundary of all the (infinitely many) short-run curves
the long-run average cost of producing any given level of output, in general, occurs
at the point where short-run average costs are minimized.
(A) and (B)
(A) and (C)
Which of the following statements is (are) true concerning a pure competition
situation?
Its demand curve is represented by a vertical line.
Firms must sell at or below market price.
Marginal revenue is equal to price.
both (B) and (C).
both (A) and (B).
At the long-run profit maximizing level of output under pure competition, equilibrium
will be achieved at a point where price equals:
marginal revenue
marginal cost
average cost
(A) and (B) only
(A), (B) and (C)
In the case of pure monopoly:
one firm is the sole producer of a good or service which has no close substitutes
the firm’s profit is maximized at the price and output combination where marginal
cost equals marginal revenue.
the demand curve is always elastic
(A) and (B) only
(A), (B) and (C)
When the cross elasticity of demand between one product and all other products is low,
one is generally referring to a(n) situation.
oligopoly
monopoly
pure competition
substitution
monopolistic competition
In_____________ 2-person, nonzero-sum games there is no communication between the
participants and no way to enforce agreements.
noncooperative
cooperative
(A) and (B)
none of the above
The maximum number of firms that can constitute an oligopolistic market structure is:
two
five
ten
twelve
none of the above
In deciding whether to invest in excess capacity in order to deter entry, incumbents
should consider all of the following except
the order of play in pricing and capacity choice decisions
the customer sorting pattern
the sunk cost required to achieve excess capacity
the joint-profit-maximizing cartel output
the potential entrant’s projected profitability
In adopting mixed Nash equilibrium strategy, a player is attempting
to randomize his or her own behavior
make the opponent favor a course of action preferred by the first player
randomize the outcome of actions
make the opponent indifferent between one action and another
none of the above
The segmenting of customers into several small groups such as household, institutional,
commercial, and industrial users, and establishing a different rate schedule for each
group is known as:
first-degree price discrimination
market penetration
third-degree price discrimination
second-degree price discrimination
none of the above
Which of the following pricing policies best identifies when a product should be
expanded, maintained, or discontinued?
full-cost pricing policy
target-pricing policy
marginal-pricing policy
market-share pricing policy
markup pricing policy
The__________ is equal to the sum of the squares of the market shares of all the firms
in an industry.
market concentration ratio
Herfindahl-Hirschman index
correlation coefficient
standard deviation of concentration
none of the above
Which of the following is not a reason why the aggregate demand curve slopes
downward?
The exchange-rate effect
The wealth effect.
The classical dichotomy/monetary neutrality effects.
The interest-rate effect.
All of these answers are reasons why the aggregate-demand curve slopes
downward.
If people have rational expectations, a monetary policy contraction that is announced
and is credible could
reduce inflation with little or no increase in unemployment.
increase inflation but it would decrease unemployment by an unusually large
amount.
increase inflation with little or no decrease in unemployment.
reduce inflation but it would increase unemployment by an unusually large amount.
If you buy a pizza from a restaurant rather than making the identical product at home:
GDP increases.
GDP decreases.
GDP remains unchanged.
society’s well-being increases.
society’s well-being decreases.
An example of an expansionary monetary policy is
an increase in the required reserve ratio.
an increase in the discount rate.
a reduction in the taxes banks pay on their profits.
the Central bank buying government securities in the open market.
The long run is best defined as a period:
of less than one year.
of between one and two years.
of between two and five years.
in which all prices are flexible.
in which some prices are rigid.
Supply-management policies tend to_________ demand-management policies.
be used more often than
be used about the same as
work more slowly than
work more quickly than
work about the same as
Compared to the aggregate market model, the multiplier effect in the Keynesian cross
model is:
larger.
smaller.
exactly the same.
often larger, but sometimes smaller.
often smaller, but sometimes larger.
An asset that is included in M3 but not in M2 is:
currency.
checkable deposits.
small-denomination certificates of deposit.
large-denomination certificates of deposit.
nothing, everything in M2 is also in M3.
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