面對全球金融風暴,政府採取了發放消費券的政策,請分別從個體經濟分析(實
物VS.現金)與總體經濟分析,畫圖並詳細論述此一消費券之政策效果(個體
與總體各10%)?另,此一消費券政策效果與「節儉的矛盾」有何關聯性?
1. 請問等產量曲線(Isoquant)被視為短期或長期之產量曲線,為什麼?
2. 如何由等產量曲線分析方法,導出短期與長期成本曲線?
3. 請由此一等產量曲線分析方法,證明以下之命題:長期成本一定小於或等於
短期成本。
4. 內部經濟與外部經濟都意謂著廠商之平均單位成本的下降,請以圖形分別表
示,並說明內部經濟與外部經濟。
When demand elasticity is _______ in absolute value (or ________), an increase in
price will result in a(n ________) in total revenues.
less than 1; elastic; increase
more than 1; inelastic; decrease
less than 1; elastic, decrease
less than 1, inelastic; increase
none of the above
The basic reason(s) for the increase in quantity demanded as the result of a price
reduction is (are) ________.
income effect
substitution effect
complementary effect
(A) and (B) only
(A), (B), and (C)
When a manufacturer’s home currency appreciates substantially,________ .
domestic sales decline
foreign sales decline
company owned foreign plant and equipment will increase
margins often decline
all of the above
The purchasing power parity hypothesis implies that an increase in inflation in one
country relative to another will over a long period of time ________ .
increase exports
reduce the competitive pressure on prices
lower the value of the currency
increase foreign aid
increase the speculative demand for the currency
Trading partners should specialize production in accordance with comparative
advantage, then trade and diversify in consumption because ________ .
out-of-pocket costs of production decline
free trade areas protect infant industries
economies of scale are present
manufacturers face diminishing returns
more goods are available for consumption
In a recession, the trade balance often improves because ________ .
service exports exceed manufactured good exports
banks sell depressed assets
fewer households can afford luxury imports
direct investment abroad declines
the capital account exceeds the current account
The marginal rate of technical substitution may be defined as all of the following
except:
the rate at which one input may be substituted for another input in the production
process, while total output remains constant.
equal to the negative slope of the isoquant at any point on the isoquant.
the rate at which all combinations of inputs have equal total costs.
equal to the ratio of the marginal products of X and Y.
(B) and (C).
The marginal product is defined as:
the ratio of total output to the amount of the variable input used in producing the
output.
the incremental change in total output that can be produced by the use of one more
unit of the variable input in the production process.
the percentage change in output resulting from a given percentage change in the
amount of the variable input X employed in the production process with Y.
(A) and (B).
none of the above.
increasing returns to scale.
constant returns to scale.
decreasing returns to scale.
negative returns to scale.
none of the above.
A ________ total cost function implies that marginal costs ________ as output is
increased.
linear; increase linearly
quadratic; increase linearly
cubic; increase linearly
(A) and (B)
none of the above
In pure competition:
the optimal price-output solution occurs at the point where marginal revenue is
equal to price.
a firm’s demand curve is represented by a horizontal line.
a firm is a price-taker since the products of every producer are perfect substitutes
for the products of every other producer.
(A) and (B) only.
(A), (B), and (C).
If price exceeds average costs under pure competition,________ firms will enter the
industry, supply will ________, and price will be driven ________.
more; decrease; down
more; decrease; up
more; increase; down
more; increase; up
none of the above
The demand curve facing the firm in ________ is the same as the industry demand
curve.
pure competition
monopolistic competition
oligopoly
pure monopoly
none of the above
In the electric power industry, residential customers have relatively _______ demands
for electricity compared with large industrial users and generally are charged ________
rates.
similar, similar
elastic, lower
elastic, higher
inelastic, lower
inelastic, higher
________ as practiced by public utilities is designed to encourage greater usage and
therefore spread the fixed costs of the utility’s plant over a larger number of units of
output.
Peak load pricing
Inverted block pricing
Block pricing
First degree price discrimination
none of the above
In a ________ there is no way in which both players can increase their payoffs
through joint agreements about the actions each player will choose.
2-person, zero-sum game
2-person, nonzero-sum game
(A) and (B)
none of the above
Which of the following is an example of an oligopolistic market structure?
public utilities
air transport industry
liquor retailers
wheat farmers
none of the above
Which of the following public policies has (have) the effect of restricting competition?
licensing
patents
import quotas
(A) and (B) only
(A), (B), and (C)
The antitrust laws regulate all of the following business decisions except ________ .
collusion
mergers
monopolistic practices
price discrimination
wage levels
The marker for “lemons” is one in which ________ .
the rational buyer discounts
the seller’s product claims are unverifiable at the point of purchase
“the bad apples drive out the good”
the problem of adverse selection is rampant
all of the above
可觀看題目詳解,並提供模擬測驗!(免費會員無法觀看研究所試題解答)