The history of stock market is often____________________ with mysterious black days, on which major stocks took heavy
hailed
riddled
decorated
drafted
A_______________________ application is to obtain legal protection for the creators to prevent their new inventions from being used by others without their consent.
patent
grant
remedy
therapy
While__________________ the meaning of life, many are also struggling with everyday survival issues.
lengthening
contemplating
alleging
prosecuting
One of the management problems in this company is its_______________culture, which hinders work efficiency because of the complicated rules and procedures.
reciprocal
dynamic
bureaucratic
profitable
In order to stimulate sales growth and boost employees’ morale, the company adopts a new system to give a high commission to the top five sales representatives.
penalty
collusion
cartel
incentive
The grocery shop went out of business because of the increasing_____________________ , in particular the rent and electricity.
overheads
rumors
facilities
commodities
The___________ , made up of five construction companies, will work together in the urban renewal project.
stakeholder
consortium
courier
subcontractor
Expenses and losses incurred in the course of business are generally tax ___________, allowing to be subtracted from the gross income.
payable
accountable
deductible
inevitable
First _____________ for homeschoolers, the self-taught learning tutorials are extremely popular.
developing
to develop
develop
developed
___________ your advisory board have any further concerns, we would be more than happy to provide more details
Although
By far
Should
Even
There___________ fierce competition between different universities for the large amount of national funds to set up a world class research center.
has been
has had
could have
is to be having
A large number of venture capitalists investing in Facebook__________ soon to reap enormous gains as soon as its IPO goes through.
are
is
was
were
Unable to even make the students well__________ , the novice teacher felt so powerless in her first year of teaching.
sitting
seated
sat
seating
_________the most intelligent student in class, Michael was asked to teach his other fellow students who had lower learning achievement than he did.
To be
Had been
To have been
Being
The bestseller’s novels have been likened to__________ of Hemingway
what
which
those
these
Singapore is 41 one degree north of the equator between the tip of Malaysia and the islands of Indonesia.Slightly smaller than New York City, the city-state has a total landmass of 692.7 square kilometers 42 one main island and more than 30 smaller surrounding islands. With about 3 million 43 in 2002, Singapore’s population is composed of three ethnicities— Chinese (76.5%), Malay (13.8%), and Indian (8%)— and speaks four official languages: English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil.
Singapore’s international status, particularly in global business, is not gained by its size but by its influence on regional and international trade facilitated by major strategic 44 . Singapore joined with Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines to form The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967. ASEAN’s primary purpose was to provide individual members with leverage in 45 international trade issues for the region as a whole.
41.
assigned
occupied
located
promoted
Singapore is 41 one degree north of the equator between the tip of Malaysia and the islands of Indonesia.Slightly smaller than New York City, the city-state has a total landmass of 692.7 square kilometers 42 one main island and more than 30 smaller surrounding islands. With about 3 million 43 in 2002, Singapore’s population is composed of three ethnicities— Chinese (76.5%), Malay (13.8%), and Indian (8%)— and speaks four official languages: English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil.
Singapore’s international status, particularly in global business, is not gained by its size but by its influence on regional and international trade facilitated by major strategic 44 . Singapore joined with Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines to form The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967. ASEAN’s primary purpose was to provide individual members with leverage in 45 international trade issues for the region as a whole.
42.
elected by
contributing to
consisting of
prepared by
Singapore is 41 one degree north of the equator between the tip of Malaysia and the islands of Indonesia.Slightly smaller than New York City, the city-state has a total landmass of 692.7 square kilometers 42 one main island and more than 30 smaller surrounding islands. With about 3 million 43 in 2002, Singapore’s population is composed of three ethnicities— Chinese (76.5%), Malay (13.8%), and Indian (8%)— and speaks four official languages: English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil.
Singapore’s international status, particularly in global business, is not gained by its size but by its influence on regional and international trade facilitated by major strategic 44 . Singapore joined with Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines to form The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967. ASEAN’s primary purpose was to provide individual members with leverage in 45 international trade issues for the region as a whole.
43.
residents
residues
reviewers
representatives
Singapore is 41 one degree north of the equator between the tip of Malaysia and the islands of Indonesia.Slightly smaller than New York City, the city-state has a total landmass of 692.7 square kilometers 42 one main island and more than 30 smaller surrounding islands. With about 3 million 43 in 2002, Singapore’s population is composed of three ethnicities— Chinese (76.5%), Malay (13.8%), and Indian (8%)— and speaks four official languages: English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil.
Singapore’s international status, particularly in global business, is not gained by its size but by its influence on regional and international trade facilitated by major strategic 44 . Singapore joined with Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines to form The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967. ASEAN’s primary purpose was to provide individual members with leverage in 45 international trade issues for the region as a whole.
44.
opponents
conglomerates
troops
alliances
Singapore is 41 one degree north of the equator between the tip of Malaysia and the islands of Indonesia.Slightly smaller than New York City, the city-state has a total landmass of 692.7 square kilometers 42 one main island and more than 30 smaller surrounding islands. With about 3 million 43 in 2002, Singapore’s population is composed of three ethnicities— Chinese (76.5%), Malay (13.8%), and Indian (8%)— and speaks four official languages: English, Mandarin, Malay and Tamil.
Singapore’s international status, particularly in global business, is not gained by its size but by its influence on regional and international trade facilitated by major strategic 44 . Singapore joined with Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines to form The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1967. ASEAN’s primary purpose was to provide individual members with leverage in 45 international trade issues for the region as a whole.
45.
conceding
negotiating
contradicting
neglecting
Willingness to take risks and reactions to failure differ dramatically around the world. In some cultures the downside for failure is so high that individuals are allergic to taking any risks at all. These cultures associate shame with any type of failure, and from a young age people are taught to follow a prescribed path with a well-defined chance of success, as opposed to trying anything that might lead to disappointment. In some places, such as Thailand, someone who has failed repeatedly might even choose to take on brand-new name in an attempt to reboot his or her entire life. In fact, in the 2008 Olympics, a Thai weight lifter attributed her victory to changing her name before the games.
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), which publishes a detailed annual report on startup activity around the world, looks at cultural differences in risk taking and comfort with failure. The GEM team found that important factors contribute to a society’s risk profile. For example, in some countries, such as Sweden, the bankruptcy laws are designed such that once your company goes out of business you can never get out of debt. Knowing that failure has drastic, long-term consequences for you and your family is a huge disincentive to try to start a company in the first place. The culture in other countries is equally unforgiving. Once you fail, your friends, neighbors and colleagues will always view you as a failure.
What is the main idea of the passage above?
It encourages people to take risks with no need for any assessment.
How risks and failures are viewed decides how new attempts will be practiced.
People in Thailand, Sweden and other countries have better protection from failures.
Lowering risks is a long-term effort for individuals and countries.
Willingness to take risks and reactions to failure differ dramatically around the world. In some cultures the downside for failure is so high that individuals are allergic to taking any risks at all. These cultures associate shame with any type of failure, and from a young age people are taught to follow a prescribed path with a well-defined chance of success, as opposed to trying anything that might lead to disappointment. In some places, such as Thailand, someone who has failed repeatedly might even choose to take on brand-new name in an attempt to reboot his or her entire life. In fact, in the 2008 Olympics, a Thai weight lifter attributed her victory to changing her name before the games.
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), which publishes a detailed annual report on startup activity around the world, looks at cultural differences in risk taking and comfort with failure. The GEM team found that important factors contribute to a society’s risk profile. For example, in some countries, such as Sweden, the bankruptcy laws are designed such that once your company goes out of business you can never get out of debt. Knowing that failure has drastic, long-term consequences for you and your family is a huge disincentive to try to start a company in the first place. The culture in other countries is equally unforgiving. Once you fail, your friends, neighbors and colleagues will always view you as a failure.
What does the author try to say by using the story of the Thai weight lifter?
Name change can bring good luck
It is part of the Thai culture to have one’s name changed in order to succeed.
To change one’s name for intended success is superstitious
Failure is almost unacceptable, so it would be easier to attribute success or failure to irrelevant factors..
Willingness to take risks and reactions to failure differ dramatically around the world. In some cultures the downside for failure is so high that individuals are allergic to taking any risks at all. These cultures associate shame with any type of failure, and from a young age people are taught to follow a prescribed path with a well-defined chance of success, as opposed to trying anything that might lead to disappointment. In some places, such as Thailand, someone who has failed repeatedly might even choose to take on brand-new name in an attempt to reboot his or her entire life. In fact, in the 2008 Olympics, a Thai weight lifter attributed her victory to changing her name before the games.
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), which publishes a detailed annual report on startup activity around the world, looks at cultural differences in risk taking and comfort with failure. The GEM team found that important factors contribute to a society’s risk profile. For example, in some countries, such as Sweden, the bankruptcy laws are designed such that once your company goes out of business you can never get out of debt. Knowing that failure has drastic, long-term consequences for you and your family is a huge disincentive to try to start a company in the first place. The culture in other countries is equally unforgiving. Once you fail, your friends, neighbors and colleagues will always view you as a failure.
What is the cultural mindset behind the design of bankruptcy laws in Sweden?
Once you start a business, you have to take the full risks and be liable for such.
Once a business fails, bankruptcy laws can give full protection.
Bankruptcy laws are designed to protect those who are in debt. y laws in Sweden?
Bankruptcy laws can give businesses and individuals a second chance. ace>?
Willingness to take risks and reactions to failure differ dramatically around the world. In some cultures the downside for failure is so high that individuals are allergic to taking any risks at all. These cultures associate shame with any type of failure, and from a young age people are taught to follow a prescribed path with a well-defined chance of success, as opposed to trying anything that might lead to disappointment. In some places, such as Thailand, someone who has failed repeatedly might even choose to take on brand-new name in an attempt to reboot his or her entire life. In fact, in the 2008 Olympics, a Thai weight lifter attributed her victory to changing her name before the games.
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), which publishes a detailed annual report on startup activity around the world, looks at cultural differences in risk taking and comfort with failure. The GEM team found that important factors contribute to a society’s risk profile. For example, in some countries, such as Sweden, the bankruptcy laws are designed such that once your company goes out of business you can never get out of debt. Knowing that failure has drastic, long-term consequences for you and your family is a huge disincentive to try to start a company in the first place. The culture in other countries is equally unforgiving. Once you fail, your friends, neighbors and colleagues will always view you as a failure.
What does it mean by being allergic to taking risks?
People in those cultures are embracing risks.
People in those cultures are resilient when faced with risks and failures. Fragment--> ace>?
People in those cultures are highly resistant to risks.
People in those cultures are particularly prone to risks.
Willingness to take risks and reactions to failure differ dramatically around the world. In some cultures the downside for failure is so high that individuals are allergic to taking any risks at all. These cultures associate shame with any type of failure, and from a young age people are taught to follow a prescribed path with a well-defined chance of success, as opposed to trying anything that might lead to disappointment. In some places, such as Thailand, someone who has failed repeatedly might even choose to take on brand-new name in an attempt to reboot his or her entire life. In fact, in the 2008 Olympics, a Thai weight lifter attributed her victory to changing her name before the games.
The Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), which publishes a detailed annual report on startup activity around the world, looks at cultural differences in risk taking and comfort with failure. The GEM team found that important factors contribute to a society’s risk profile. For example, in some countries, such as Sweden, the bankruptcy laws are designed such that once your company goes out of business you can never get out of debt. Knowing that failure has drastic, long-term consequences for you and your family is a huge disincentive to try to start a company in the first place. The culture in other countries is equally unforgiving. Once you fail, your friends, neighbors and colleagues will always view you as a failure.
Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?
Believing that failures are shameful, people will work harder in order to succeed.
If the downside for failure is high, people will be willing to take more risks.
If a person fails once, he / she will be a failure in the entire life.
A low or almost zero tolerance to failure may prevent many startup activities from success.
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