Sales taxes tend to be regressive, affecting poor people more severely than wealthy
people. When all purchases of consumer goods are taxed at a fixed percentage of
purchase price, poor people pay a larger proportion of their income in sales taxes than
wealthy people do, It can be correctly inferred on the basis of the statements above
that which of the following is true?
Poor people constitute a larger proportion of the taxpaying population than
wealthy people do.
Poor people spend a larger proportion of their income on purchases of consumer
goods than wealthy people do.
Wealthy people pay, on average, a larger amount of sales taxes than poor people
do.
The total amount spent by all poor people on purchases of consumer goods
exceeds the total amount spent by all wealthy people on consumer goods.
The average purchase price on consumer goods brought by wealthy people is
higher than that of consumer goods brought by poor people.
To entice customers away from competition, Red Label supermarkets have begun
offering discounts on home appliances to customers who spend $50 or more on any
shopping trip to red Label. Red Label executives claim that the discount program has
been a high success, since cash register receipts of $50 or more are up 30% since the
beginning of the program.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the claim of the Red Label
executives?
Most people who switched to Red Label after the program began spend more than
$50 each time they shop at Red Label.
Most people whose average grocery bill is less than $50 would not be persuaded to
spend more by any discount program.
Most people who received discounts on home appliances through Red Label will
shop at Red Label after the program ends.
Since the beginning of the discount program, most of the people who spend $50 or
more at Red Label are people who have never before shopped there and whose
average grocery bill has always been higher than $50.
Almost all of the people who have begun spending $50 or more at Red Label since
the discount program began are longtime customers who have increased the
average amount of their shopping bills by making fewer trips.
Teen-agers are often priced out of the labor market by the government-mandated
minimum-wage level because employers cannot afford to pay that mush for extra help.
Therefore, if Congress institutes a subminimum wage, a new lower legal wage for
teen-agers, the teen-age unemployment rate, which has been rising since 1960, will no
longer increase.
Since 1960 the teen-age unemployment rate has risen when the minimum wage
has rise.
Since 1960 the teen-age unemployment rate has risen even when the minimum
wage remained constant.
Employers often hire extra help during holiday and warm weather seasons.
The teen-age unemployment rate rose more quickly in the 1970’s that it did in the
1960’s.
The teen-age unemployment rate has occasionally declined in the years since
1960.
Women generally do not receive lower pay for doing precisely the same work as men.
Rather, regardless of their skills, women have disproportionately high representation in
jobs traditionally paying lower wages. If jobs paid according to the skills and
education required by them, this de facto segregation would not exit. If the statements
above are true, which of the following is most likely to be true?
Some jobs performed by more men than women pay higher wages than jobs
requiring comparable skills, but performed by more women than men.
Regardless of sex or occupation, a person should be paid an amount sufficient to
support his or her household.
As men enter a field, earning tend to rise, not only for men but also for the women
in the field.
Little percentage gain has occurred in the number of women holding jobs
traditionally held by men.
Generally accepted methods are available for evaluating the level of skill required
in, and herece the appropriate pay for, any job traditionally held by women.
Six months or so after getting a video recorder, many early buyers apparently lost
interest in obtaining videos to watch on it. The trade of businesses selling and renting
videos is still buoyant because the number of homes with video recorders is still
growing. But clearly, once the market for video recorders is saturated, businesses
distributing videos face hard times. Which of the following, if true, would most
seriously weaken the conclusion above?
The market for video recorders would not be considered saturated until there was
one in 80% of homes.
Among the items handled by video distributes are many films specifically
produced as video features.
Few of the early buyers of video recorders raised any complaints about
performance aspects of the new products.
The early buyers of a novel product are always people who are quick to acquire
novelties, but also often as quick to tire of them.
In a shrinking market, competition always intensifies and marginal businesses fail.
Corporations exist to make money for their shareholders. Corporations have no money
to give away because any excess funds belong to the shareholders. Therefore,
corporations should not contribute to charities. Which of the following most seriously
weakens the reasoning in the argument above?
Mangers are being trained to consider the ethical, moral, and social effects of their
decisions in addition to the economic factors.
Some of the largest corporations in the country are known to be major contributors
to philanthropic organizations.
Shareholders tend to make larger individual donations to charities than do people
who hold no shares in corporations.
Most corporations contribute solely to large, well-known, and highly organized
charitable organizations rather than to individuals in need.
The favorable publicity and tax advantages gained by corporate charity often result
in an increase in profits greater than the actual costs of making for donations.
For larger farms to be as productive as they can be, their owners need to invest heavily
in expensive machinery. This typically requires them to go into considerable debt, and
interest on this debt is then a significant fixed cost. This high fixed cost makes those
farmers vulnerable to operating losses if the prices of their products drop. The
information above best supports which of the following inferences about large farms?
Being highly productive does not guarantee being profitable.
The tend to be so highly productive that they drive down market prices.
The tend to be consistently profitable if their owners borrow at low interest rates.
They respond to operating losses by increasing their productivity.
They cannot be profitable if their owners depend on credit.
Corporate management’s increasing neglect of long-term growth is a result of
pressures brought by investors holding large blocks of stock in a corporation who want
to see concentration on long-term growth sacrificed in order to increase stock value
over the short term. Which of the following, if true and known to all investors, would
most seriously weaken the explanation above?
Investors who hold large blocks of stock tend to sell whenever the stock’s value
drop.
Investors who hold large blocks of stock in a corporation often have direct access
to that corporation’s top management.
A corporation’s stock decreases in value when the corporation’s short-term growth
prospects are poor.
A corporation’s stock increases in value when investors buy large amount of it.
A corporation’s stock increases in value over the short terms only when the
corporation’s long-term growth prospects are good.
Businesses that are successful in a competitive market must be well managed. If they
were not well managed, then they would not have been successful.
Which of the following most closely parallels the type of reasoning used in the
argument above?
There must be rain to maintain water levels in the reservoirs. If there are no clouds,
then there will be no rain.
A scientific theory should be able to generate predictions. If the predictions made
by a theory were consistently right, then the theory would be good.
It must be true that drivers that are in automobile accidents are incompetent drivers.
If they were not incompetent, they would not have been in accidents.
Given the poor record of survival of new products, there is great risk in being an
innovator. If they compete in the same market, imitators are often more successful
than innovators.
The advance of technology affects all products eventually. If a company ignores
technological advances, it may not be competitive in the future.
An investigators divided 200 adults into two distinct groups (low and high
consumption), base on each person’s daily caffeine consumption. A significant larger
percentage of the high-consumption group than of the low consumption group
demonstrated a high level of anxiety. The investigator concluded that it was greater
caffeine consumption that resulted in higher anxiety.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
Some subjects in the high-consumptions group experienced lower levels of anxiety
than did other subjects in the high-consumption group.
Some subjects in the low-consumption group did not experience any anxiety.
High levels of anxiety when consuming large amounts of caffeine were the reason
some subjects restricted their intake of caffeine.
Some subjects consumerd caffeine by drinking coffee and tea, but others
consummerd caffeine by taking medication that contained caffeine.
High levels of anxiety caused some subjects to consume large amounts of caffeine.
An investigators divided 200 adults into two distinct groups (low and high
consumption), bases on each person’s daily coffee consumption. A significant larger
percentage of the high-consumption group than of the low consumption group
demonstrated a high level of anxiety. The investigator concluded that it was greater
caffeine consumption that resulted in higher anxiety.
Which of the following, if true, most seriously weakens the conclusion above?
Some subjects in the high-consumptions group experienced lower levels of anxiety
than did other subjects in the high-consumption group.
Some subjects in the low-consumption group did not experience any anxiety.
High levels of anxiety when consuming large amounts of caffeine were the reason
some subjects restricted their intake of caffeine.
Some subjects consumerd caffeine by drinking coffee, but others consumerd
caffeine by taking medication that contained caffeine.
People who consume a large amount of coffee but have no anxiety are not
included in the investigation.
While a quota on imported cars might protect jobs in the domestic automobile industry,
it also means fewer inexpensive imported cars and less money for those buying cars to
spend on other things. Therefore, such a quota will ultimately result in fewer jobs in
domestic industries unrelated to the automobile industry than there would be without a
quota.
Which of the following is an assumption made in drawing the conclusion above?
The number of car purchases will decrease if a quota is imposed on imported cars.
Most car buyers prefer inexpensive imported cars to inexpensive domestic cars.
Without a quota, money that car buyers would save by buying inexpensive
imported cars would be spent on goods produced by unrelated domestic industries.
With a quota, the domestic automobile industry will employ more people than it
currently does.
A quota on imported cars would cause the price of particular models of imported
cars to rise.
Nearly one in three subscribers to Financial Forecaster is a millionaire, and over half
are in top management. Shouldn’t you subscribe to Financial Forecaster now? A reader
who is neither a millionaire nor in top management would be most likely to act in
accordance with the advertisement’s suggestion if he or she drew which of the
following questionable conclusions invited by the advertisement?
Among finance-related periodicals, Financial Forecaster provides the most
detailed financial information.
Top managers cannot do their jobs properly without reading Financial Forecaster.
The advertisement is placed where those who will be likely to read it are
millionaires.
The subscribers mentioned were helped to become millionaires or join top
management by reading Financial Forecaster.
Only those who will in fact become millionaires, or at least top managers, will
read the advertisement.
A study of attitudes toward new cars showed that cars that were identical in every
aspect except for color receive widely differing ratings for quality from potential
buyers. Therefore, in future advertisements for cars of high quality, we can expect to
see no variety in the color of car featured.
Which of the following is an assumption made in the passage above?
If a car in a preferred color is not available, a buyer is usually willing to accept the
car is another color.
New cars differ significantly from each other with respect to quality.
There is a single color generally associated with the highest quality rating in the
study.
An advertisement for a particular car should display all of its significant
advantage.
Potential buyers give more weight to color than to price in making decision about
a car.
The government’s recent policy of reducing payments to hospital and physicians will,
in the long run, actually cost the public more. Every dollar saved by initially providing
lower-quality services eventually leads to several dollars spent in caring for
subsequent complications.
Which of the following best serves as an assumption that would make the argument
above logically correct?
The government is more concerned about limiting its costs than about the
well-being of its citizens.
The government will be unwilling to pay for the complications that arise from
providing inadequate health care.
The government believes that the provision of lower-quality services need not
result in an increase in complications.
Hospitals and physicians will respond to reduced payments by reducing the quality
of care they give.
Hospitals and physicians are paid too much money for the services they provide to
the public.
Although most people know that exercise is good for the body, few realize the extent
to which it is valuable to the mind. The blood circulates more rapidly after physical
exertion, thus allowing all of the body’s organs to operate efficiently. This increased
activity enables the brain to receive more oxygen, thereby creating a higher capacity
for concentration.
The main point in the argument is that
The greater the amount of oxygen the brain receives, the better the brain functions.
Exercise serves more than one purpose.
Exercise helps the brain more than it does the rest of the body.
Exercise is a mental, as well as physical activity.
People can generally improve their powers of concentration by exercising more
often.
Considering the current economy, the introduction of a new brand of cereal is unlikely
to expand total sales of cereal, but rather will just cause some existing buyers of cereal
to switch brands. So it makes no sense for the Coolidge Corporation to introduce
another brand of cereal, since they will only hurt sales of the brands of cereal they
already produce.
Which of the following, it true, would most seriously weaken the argument above?
Total sales of cereal will increase as the total population increases.
Many new brands of cereal sell extremely well for the first year of their existence.
Coolidge Corporation currently produces fewer brands of cereal than do its
competitors.
Some cereal buyers regularly switch from brand to brand, even when no new
brands have been introduced.
Research indicates that the new brand will attract more buyers of competitors’
cereal than buyers of other Coolidge brands.
Companies considering new cost-cutting manufacturing processes often compare the
projected results of making the investment against the alternative of not making the
investment with costs, selling prices, and share of market remaining constant.
Which of the following, assuming that each is a realistic possibility, constitutes the
most serious disadvantage for companies of using the method above for evaluating the
financial benefit of new manufacturing processes?
Competitors that do invest in a new process might reduce their selling prices and
thus take market share away from companies that do not.
The costs of materials required by the new process might not be known with
certainty.
In several years interest rates might go down, reducing the interest costs of
borrowing money to pay for the investment.
Some cost-cutting processes might require such expensive investments that there
would be no net gain for many years, until the investment was paid for by savings
in the manufacturing process.
The period of year chosen for averaging out the cost of the investment might be
somewhat longer or shorter, thus affecting the result.
「MBA 入學筆試考管理學,需涵蓋管理職能-規劃、組織、領導、控制,因為
學生需具備這些相關能力,才能成功經營企業。」
以下哪個選項如果成立,最能削弱(weaken)上述說法?
郭台銘、Bill Gates、Steve Jobs 都沒有MBA 學歷,但經營企業都非常成功。
郭台銘、Bill Gates、Steve Jobs 都沒有修過管理學,但經營企業都非常成功。
郭台銘、Bill Gates、Steve Jobs 經營企業都非常成功,但都沒有MBA 學歷。
郭台銘、Bill Gates、Steve Jobs 參加MBA 入學考試管理學成績不理想,但他
們對規劃、組織、領導、控制都很擅長。
郭台銘、Bill Gates、Steve Jobs 都很擅長規劃、組織、領導、控制,但都沒有
取得MBA 學位。
「有一堂微積分共有100 位大學生選修,從學期總成績中發現,出席率與學期總
成績呈高度顯著相關。所以,學生上課出席率,影響學習效果甚鉅。」
以下哪個選項如果成立,能削弱(weaken)上述推論?(複選;全對才得分)
學生出席在課堂,並不表示他認真聽課。
學期總成績中,出席率佔80%。
學生認真聽課,並不表是他理解上課的內容。
出席率高的學生,是屬於比較用功的學生,其考試成績通常較一般學生高。
牛頓(Isaac Newton)上這堂課常翹課,但他學期總成績很高。
可觀看題目詳解,並提供模擬測驗!(免費會員無法觀看研究所試題解答)