Explain the following four motivation theories-hierarchy of need theory, equity theory,
expectancy theory, and reinforcement theory, and compare and contrast their
similarities and differences. (30%)
Should Firms Practice Corporate Social Responsibility
In the eyes of advocates of corporate social responsibility, the case for CSR is
overwhelming. The corporate sector must be mindful of the “triple bottom line” and must
continually evaluate its environmental and social performance as well as its economic
achievements. The corporate sector must promote global sustainability, meeting the needs
of the present without compromising the needs of the future. In short, the goal of CSR is to
promote a humane and just society, and corporations must play an appropriate role in
achieving this objective. After all, corporations are granted a license to operate by society;
therefore they owe something to society in return. The unconstrained pursuit of profit
breeds abuses, excesses, greed, and failure to consider the needs of future generations.
Moreover, corporations have unique talents and resources to solve society’s ills and should
be expected to contribute them when necessary to address these problems.
Some experts, however, believe that the CSR movements is unethical, misguided, and
inappropriate. Their case rests on a belief that in an economic system relying on shareholder
capitalism, the corporate goal is (and should be) to maximize profits for shareholders.
Requiring managers to promote social goals in addition to economic goals may cause
managers to lose focus, thereby abandoning their fiduciary duty to shareholders. Moreover,
these critics argue that the CSR movement rests on a fundamental misunderstanding of the
functioning of free markets. True, films are motivated to earn profits. But they can earn profits
only by providing consumers with products that consumers are willing to buy at a price they
are willing to pay; moreover, they are pressured to produce these products while using as few
of society’s scarce resources as possible. In a world of global competition, this is no easy task.
Please summarize the two different views on corporate social responsibility mentioned
in the above article. (15%)
Which view do you agree with? Defend your answer. (15%)
What can Mattel and other toy companies do to ensure that toy safety is maintained
despite the complexity of their supply chains? (20%)
Who is at fault when toys coated in lead paint are sold on retailers' shelves? The retailer?
The regulatory authorities of the importing country? The regulatory authorities of the
exporting country? The toy company? The contract manufacturer used by the toy
company? Or the paint suppliers of the contract manufacturer? Defend your answer,
(20%)
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