Which of the following level of a product is different between a tangible
product and a service product?
the basic product
the augmented product
the core product
the potential product
the expected product
Which of the following factors is usually NOT considered when pricing a
product?
cost
product quality
channel density
target profit
competition
Which of the following is NOT an element of the promotion mix?
advertising
public relations
sales promotion
personal selling
wholesale discount
Which of the following theories describes consumers’ attitude structure?
ELM theory
ABC theory
PIMS theory
classical conditioning
Weber’s Law
Which of the following research methods is often used to study causal
relationships?
focus group discussion
projective test
mechanical observation
experimentation
survey
In which of the following stages of the product life cycle does advertising
usually emphasize comparisons with the competitors?
the growth stage
the maturity stage
the introduction stage
the declining stage
all of the above
Internal marketing is usually used to combat which of the following
characteristics in service marketing?
intangibility
perishability
inseparability
variability
none of the above
The theory that depicts the relationship between the market share and
profit is called:
PRIZM theory
five forces analysis
ELM theory
competitive analysis
PIMS theory
The data analysis technique that is often used to analyze positioning of the
brands is called:
conjoint analysis
factor analysis
perceptual mapping
LISREL
regression analysis
Which of the following is a type of non-store retailing?
TV channel shopping
hypermarket
specialty store
discount store
CVS
Which one of the following statements about benchmarking is TRUE?
Benchmarking is only useful when a company compares itself against
other companies.
Because of the power of benchmarking, specific plans of action are not
necessary.
Benchmarking is the same as the plan-do-check-act cycle in continuous
improvement.
Benchmarking focuses on setting quantitative goals for continuous
improvement.
None of the above.
Which of the following statements concerning manufacturing and service
organizations is generally true?
A service facility is more likely to serve national or even international
markets.
Manufacturing organizations generally have more difficulty in matching
capacity with demand.
In many service organizations, such as hospitals and entertainment
centers, customers themselves are inputs to the transformation
processes.
Most service organizations can buffer themselves against uncertain
demand by creating inventories and smoothing output levels.
All of the above.
An arrangement by which a buyer and supplier agree to work together to
the mutual benefit of both companies is known as a
collaborative effort.
joint venture.
technology licensing.
flow strategy.
None of the above.
Even though the economic order quantity (EOQ) is optimal only when five
assumptions are satisfied, it serves as a reasonable first approximation
even when these assumptions do not quite apply. Which one of the
following is not an assumption of the EOQ?
Decisions for one item can be made independently of decisions made for
other items.
There is no uncertainty in lead time.
The amount of an order received is exactly equal to what was ordered,
without any “short shipments” from a supplier or scrap losses in the
shop.
Quantity discounts can be taken advantage of for large lot sizes.
None of the above.
Which one of the following is NOT normally an advantage of outsourcing?
Increased supplier options due to globalization
Advanced capabilities to coordinate suppliers through information
technology
Less required investment in capital equipment
Tighter control over product quality
None of the above.
A project has three paths. A-B-C has a length of 25 days. A-D-C has a
length of 15 days. Finally, A-E-C has a length of 20 days. Which one of the
following statements is TRUE?
A-D-C is the critical path.
A-B-C has the most slack.
The expected duration of this project is 25 days.
The expected duration of this project is 25 + 15 + 20 = 60 days.
None of the above.
Electronic commerce can best be described as
the business name for combining of email with the World Wide Web.
the selling of Web site construction tools such as HTML.
the application of information and communication technology anywhere
along the entire supply chain of business processes.
a specific technology used on the WWW.
None of the above.
Which one of the following statements about strategic considerations in
total quality managements is TRUE?
Total quality management is another name for quality control.
Training programs for employees and monetary incentives are two ways
organizations can increase quality awareness in their employees.
Plants with the best quality control usually have a high percentage of
quality inspectors.
Setting specific quality goals is impossible because good quality is
impossible to quantify.
All of the above.
What information would managers use to choose the best cost-effective
capacity to balance customer service with the cost of adding capacity?
Decision trees
Economies of scale
Capacity cushion
Waiting line models
None of the above.
Some manufacturers and service providers want to measure the
performance of supply chain by the percentage of on-time deliveries. The
main reason for this measure is
It will discourage the competitors to enter the market.
It measures the satisfaction levels of suppliers.
Increased on-time delivery increases revenue by inducing customers to
buy more products from the firm.
It helps accounting to debit customer’s accounts promptly.
All of the above.
Today, economic productivity is based more on ________ than any other
advance.
technology
satellite communications
effective fulfillment strategies
employment
e-business
The fact that the American company 3M owns a film-manufacturing facility
in Italy is an example of
contract manufacturing
a direct investment
a trading company
licensing.
exporting.
Which of the following is not a right that copyright owners have in relation
to their works?
right to reproduce copyrighted works
right to distributes copyrighted works
right to combine their copyrighted works with those copyrighted by
others
right to publicly display copyrighted works
right to perform copyrighted works
Individuals who take responsibility for the development of innovations of
any kind within larger organizations are called
crazy.
entrepreneurs.
inventors.
intrapreneurs.
engineers.
Which of the following is used to focus on specific target markets so that a
satisfactory marketing strategy can be developed?
concentration approach
total-market approach
customer segmentation
audience segmentation
market segmentation
Return on assets and return on equity are examples of which type of ratio?
profitability
liquidity
debt
asset utilization
current
Automobiles are in which stage of the product life cycle?
introduction
maturity
growth
competitive
death
Crisis managements plans generally cover maintaining business operations
during a crisis and
firing those responsible for the crisis.
avoiding responsibility for the crisis.
communicating with others about the situation and the company’s
response to it.
preventing the situations from occurring.
all of the above.
Effective implementation of a major decision requires
perseverance.
luck.
directing.
planning.
controlling.
Which of the following is an advantage of a partnership?
unlimited liability
life of partnership
selling partnership
limited funding sources
case of organization
Organizational culture is best described as the basic pattern of shared.
assumptions, beliefs, and behaviors that subconsciously guide employee
thoughts and actions.
behaviors that employees enact to demonstrate their support for
corporate goals.
decisions routinely occurring throughout the organization that support
corporate strategies.
assumptions, beliefs, and values that subconsciously guide employee
thoughts and actions.
rituals and ceremonies that employees enact to consummate their
relationship with the organization.
The contingency anchor of organizational behavior states that:
we should have a second OB theory to explain the situation in case our
first choice doesn’t work.
OB theories must view organizations as systems that need to adapt to
their environments.
there is usually one best way to resolve organizational problems.
a particular action may have different consequences in different
situations.
all of the above.
If individuals are unable to satisfy a particular need, the frustrationregression
hypothesis in ERG theory states that which of the following
would occur?
They keep trying to fulfill this need until it is satisfied.
They redirect their efforts toward fulfilling a higher need in the
hierarchy.
They permanently remove the blocked need from their list of needs to
satisfy.
They redirect their efforts toward fulfilling a lower need in the
hierarchy.
Any one of the four options above might occur depending on the
individual.
Stock option reward systems:
are illegal in the United States
give employees the right to purchase company shares at a future date at
a predetermined price
directly award bonuses to employees based on cost savings and
increased labor productivity
tend to weaken employee commitment to the organization
do both (B) and (D).
Action learning mainly makes use of
situational factors
experiential learning
behavior modification
360-degree feedback
self-reinforcement.
Which of the following does NOT minimize social loafing?
Form larger work teams.
Specialize tasks.
Measure individual performance.
Make the work more interesting to the social loafer and other team
members.
Select team members with a collectivist value orientation.
A unique feature of Herzberg’s motivator-hygiene theory is that it:
states that improving motivators increases job satisfaction but does not
decrease job dissatisfaction.
states that employees can be satisfied with their jobs but not motivated
to perform their jobs.
identifies self-actualization as a lower level need rather than a higher
level need.
views job satisfaction and dissatisfaction as opposites.
recognizes money as the primary motivator in organizational settings.
Corporate leaders can improve the ethical conduct of their employees by:
embedding ethical values in the corporate culture.
having a weak corporate culture.
hiding any artifacts that represent the organization’s dominant culture.
destroying or weakening a subcultures within the organization.
doing all of the above.
Transformational leadership states that effective leaders:
use mundane tools such as meeting agendas to move the organization in
a new direction.
create a vision of where the company should be going.
establishes new goals and expectations for the organization.
mobilize commitment for organizational change by acting as role models.
all of the above.
Organizational culture is strengthened by:
encouraging employees to communicate through the organizational
grapevine.
allowing tribal storytellers to talk about the organization’s past and
future.
increasing social opportunities to enact corporate rituals.
telling job applicants about the organization’s culture.
all of the above.
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